Departement de psychologie.
Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2020 May;118(5):991-1017. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000199. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
Our relations with other animals are ubiquitous in human life, yet the psychological structure of our connection with animals is just beginning to receive empirical attention. Drawing on theories of social identification and intergroup relations, we investigate the various ways that people identify with animals. Across 7 studies, we introduce the Identification with Animals Measure (IWAM) and uncover 3 dimensions by which humans identify with animals as a group: solidarity with animals, animal pride, and human-animal similarity. First, we establish the reliability, factorial structure, and predictive validity of the 3-factor IWAM. Next, we find that these factors predict a distinct set of attitudes and behaviors toward animals. Solidarity with animals is defined by feeling connected to other animals and is associated with more contact with animals (i.e., pets) and a greater desire to help animals and to engage in collective actions on their behalf, even if this implies withdrawing privileges to humans. Human-animal similarity is defined by the perception that animals share similarities with humans; this dimension is associated with increased moral concern for their welfare and a greater attribution of typically human traits to other animals. Finally, animal pride is defined by a direct recognition and positive endorsement of the social category that includes all animals, and is associated with viewing humans as more animal-like, and with more competitive and instrumental intergroup relations. The findings confirm that identification with animals is a multidimensional construct that is colored by the unique and complex nature of our relations with nonhuman animals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
人类与其他动物的关系在生活中无处不在，然而，人类与动物关系的心理结构才刚刚开始受到实证关注。本研究借鉴社会认同和群体关系理论，考察了人们认同动物的各种方式。通过 7 项研究，我们引入了动物认同量表（IWAM），并揭示了人类作为一个群体认同动物的 3 个维度：与动物的团结、动物自豪感和人与动物的相似性。首先，我们确定了 3 因素 IWAM 的可靠性、因素结构和预测有效性。其次，我们发现这些因素预测了对动物的一系列独特态度和行为。与动物的团结是指与其他动物建立联系的感觉，与更多地接触动物（即宠物）以及更强烈地帮助动物和代表它们采取集体行动有关，即使这意味着剥夺人类的特权。人与动物的相似性是指动物与人类有相似之处的认知；这一维度与对动物福利的更大道德关注以及更倾向于将典型的人类特征归因于其他动物有关。最后，动物自豪感是指对包括所有动物的社会范畴的直接认可和积极认可，与将人类视为更像动物、具有更多竞争和工具性的群体关系有关。研究结果证实，动物认同是一个多维度的结构，其特点是人类与非人类动物的独特而复杂的关系。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
