Department of Chemistry, University of Venda , Thohoyandou , South Africa.
Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2019;54(9):770-780. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1633213. Epub 2019 Jun 28.
The ever-increasing demand for determining pesticides at low concentration levels in different food matrices requires a preliminary step of pre-concentration which is considered a crucial stage. Recently, the parameter of "greenness" during sample pre-concentration of pesticides in food matrices is as important as selectivity in order to avoid using harmful organic solvents during sample preparation. Developing new green pre-concentration techniques is one of the key subjects. Thus, to reduce the impact on the environment during trace analysis of pesticides in food matrices, new developments in pre-concentration have gone in three separate directions: the search for more environmentally friendly solvents, miniaturization and development of solvent-free pre-concentration techniques. Eco-friendly solvents such as supercritical fluids, ionic liquids and natural deep eutectic solvents have been developed for use as extraction solvents during pre-concentration of pesticides in food matrices. Also, miniaturized pre-concentration techniques such as QuEChERS, dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and hollow-fiber liquid-phase micro-extraction have been used during trace analysis of pesticides in food samples as well as solvent-free techniques such as solid-phase micro-extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction. All these developments which are aimed at ensuring that pesticide pre-concentration in different food matrices is green are critically reviewed in this paper.
在不同食品基质中低浓度水平测定农药的需求不断增加，这就需要进行预浓缩这一初步步骤，这被认为是一个关键的阶段。最近，在食品基质中农药样品预浓缩过程中，“绿色化”参数与选择性同样重要，这样可以避免在样品制备过程中使用有害的有机溶剂。开发新的绿色预浓缩技术是关键课题之一。因此，为了减少在食品基质中痕量分析农药时对环境的影响，预浓缩的新发展有三个方向：寻找更环保的溶剂、微型化和开发无溶剂预浓缩技术。在食品基质中农药的预浓缩过程中，已经开发了超临界流体、离子液体和天然深共熔溶剂等生态友好型溶剂作为萃取溶剂。此外，在食品样品中痕量分析农药时，还使用了 QuEChERS、分散液液微萃取和中空纤维液相微萃取等微型化预浓缩技术以及固相微萃取和搅拌棒吸附萃取等无溶剂技术。本文对所有这些旨在确保不同食品基质中农药预浓缩的绿色化发展进行了批判性的综述。
