对系统发生遗传的空间参照框架的另一种解读。
Alternative spin on phylogenetically inherited spatial reference frames.
机构信息
Harvard University, United States.
San Diego State University, United States.
出版信息
Cognition. 2019 Oct;191:103983. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.05.020. Epub 2019 Jun 26.
People make use of different frames of reference (north-south; left-right) to talk about space. To explore the cognitive capacity that children bring to learning spatial language, Haun, Rapold, Call, Janzen, and Levinson (2006) examined children's ability to notice and abstract invariant frames of references across instances. They found that 4-year-olds and non-human great apes often noticed environment-defined allocentric relations and not body-defined egocentric ones, leading them to conclude that preschoolers are ready to learn environment-defined terms (e.g. "uphill"), but not body-defined ones (e.g., "left"). However, such a conclusion may be premature. In four new experiments we demonstrate that the previous findings could be an artifact of specific task constraints. With minor experiment modifications, similar-aged children readily noticed egocentric relations. Reviewing additional research, we provide an account of what makes acquiring frames of reference easy or difficult, and why full mastery of terms like "left" and "right" may take many years under normal circumstances.
人们利用不同的参照系（南北；左右）来谈论空间。为了探索儿童在学习空间语言方面所具备的认知能力，豪恩、拉波尔德、卡尔、扬岑和列文森（2006）考察了儿童注意和抽象跨实例不变参照系的能力。他们发现，4 岁儿童和非人类类人猿经常注意到环境定义的无定向关系，而不是身体定义的自我中心关系，这使他们得出结论，学龄前儿童已经准备好学习环境定义的术语（例如“上坡”），但不是身体定义的术语（例如，“左边”）。然而，这样的结论可能为时过早。在四项新的实验中，我们证明先前的发现可能是特定任务约束的人为产物。通过对实验的微小修改，类似年龄的儿童很容易注意到自我中心关系。回顾其他研究，我们提供了一个关于什么因素使得获得参照系变得容易或困难的解释，以及为什么在正常情况下，像“左边”和“右边”这样的术语可能需要多年才能完全掌握。
Zotero 插件