Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy.
Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(13):1443-1454. doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190619150221.
Cancer vaccines have been widely explored as a key tool for effective cancer immunotherapy. Despite a convincing rationale behind cancer vaccines, extensive past efforts were unsuccessful in mediating significantly relevant anti-tumor activity in clinical studies. One of the major reasons for such poor outcome, among others, is the low immunogenicity of more traditional vaccines, such as peptide-, protein- and DNA- based vaccines. Recently, mRNA emerged as a promising alternative to traditional vaccine strategies due to its high immunogenicity, suitability for large-scale and low-cost production, and superior safety profile. However, the clinical application of mRNA-based anti-cancer vaccines has been limited by their instability and inefficient in vivo delivery. Recent technological advances have now largely overcome these issues and lipid-based vectors have demonstrated encouraging results as mRNA vaccine platforms against several types of cancers. This review intends to provide a detailed overview of lipid-based vectors for the development of therapeutic mRNA-based anti-tumor vaccines.
癌症疫苗作为一种有效的癌症免疫疗法的关键工具已经得到了广泛的探索。尽管癌症疫苗背后有令人信服的原理，但在临床研究中，过去广泛的努力未能介导显著相关的抗肿瘤活性。造成这种糟糕结果的主要原因之一是，与传统疫苗（如肽、蛋白和 DNA 疫苗）相比，传统疫苗的免疫原性较低。最近，mRNA 因其高免疫原性、适合大规模和低成本生产以及卓越的安全性而成为传统疫苗策略的一种有前途的替代方案。然而，mRNA 抗癌疫苗的临床应用受到其不稳定性和体内传递效率低下的限制。最近的技术进步现在在很大程度上克服了这些问题，脂质载体作为几种类型癌症的 mRNA 疫苗平台已经显示出令人鼓舞的结果。本文旨在详细概述用于开发治疗性基于 mRNA 的抗肿瘤疫苗的脂质载体。
