Tariq Saba, Baig Mukhtiar, Tariq Sundus, Shahzad Muhammad
Saba Tariq, MBBS, M.Phil. Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Research Scholar (Pharmacology), University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan., University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad- 38000, Pakistan.
Prof. Mukhtiar Baig, MBBS, M.Phil, PhD. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah- 21589, KSA.
Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):812-817. doi: 10.12669/pjms.35.3.551.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The "silent thief" of bone osteoporosis is associated with various modifiable factors, identifying these factors is important in decreasing the prevalence of this highly prevalent disease. Therefore, this study was planned to identify these risk factors for osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal Pakistani women.
A total of 1205 pre and postmenopausal females between the ages of 20 to 80 years were selected. Detailed history about the socio-demographic characteristics including age, education, profession, marital and resident status was recorded. Medical and gynecological history was also taken after informed consent Bone health of females was assessed using calcaneal ultrasound bone densitometer. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze data.
Univariate analysis showed that age (30-39 yrs, and 60-69 yrs), occupation (housewives) and education (secondary and primary education, illiterate) were significantly associated with low bone mass density (LBMD). Multivariate analysis showed that age 30-39 years (OR=0.25 95%CI 0.13 - 0.49), age 40-49 years (OR=0.30 95%CI 0.15 - 0.59), age 50-59 years (OR=0.42 95%CI 0.22 - 0.79), primary education (OR=3.83, 95%CI 2.30 - 6.38) and illiteracy (OR=3.83 95%CI 2.52 - 5.82), were significantly associated with LBMD. The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 29.8%, 27.2%, respectively, while 43% subjects had normal BMD.
It is concluded that, within Pakistani population, the prevalence of osteopenia is high even at an early age group and the odds of having LBMD are more in less educated or illiterate women.
骨质疏松症这一“无声的窃贼”与多种可改变的因素相关，识别这些因素对于降低这种高发性疾病的患病率至关重要。因此，本研究旨在确定巴基斯坦绝经前和绝经后女性骨质疏松症的这些风险因素。
共选取了1205名年龄在20至80岁之间的绝经前和绝经后女性。记录了包括年龄、教育程度、职业、婚姻和居住状况等社会人口学特征的详细病史。在获得知情同意后，还采集了医学和妇科病史。使用跟骨超声骨密度仪评估女性的骨骼健康状况。采用SPSS 22.0进行数据分析。
单因素分析显示，年龄（30 - 39岁和60 - 69岁）、职业（家庭主妇）和教育程度（初中和小学学历、文盲）与低骨密度（LBMD）显著相关。多因素分析显示，30 - 39岁（OR = 0.25，95%CI 0.13 - 0.49）、40 - 49岁（OR = 0.30，95%CI 0.15 - 0.59）、50 - 59岁（OR = 0.42，95%CI 0.22 - 0.79）、小学学历（OR = 3.83，95%CI 2.30 - 6.38）和文盲（OR = 3.83，95%CI 2.52 - 5.82）与低骨密度显著相关。骨质减少和骨质疏松的患病率分别为29.8%、27.2%，而43%的受试者骨密度正常。
得出结论，在巴基斯坦人群中，即使在早期年龄组，骨质减少的患病率也很高，受教育程度较低或文盲女性患低骨密度的几率更高。
