Jenkins Thomas Lee, Little Dianne
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
2Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
NPJ Regen Med. 2019 Jun 27;4:15. doi: 10.1038/s41536-019-0076-5. eCollection 2019.
Tissue engineering often uses synthetic scaffolds to direct cell responses during engineered tissue development. Since cells reside within specific niches of the extracellular matrix, it is important to understand how the matrix guides cell response and then incorporate this knowledge into scaffold design. The goal of this review is to review elements of cell-matrix interactions that are critical to informing and evaluating cellular response on synthetic scaffolds. Therefore, this review examines fibrous proteins of the extracellular matrix and their effects on cell behavior, followed by a discussion of the cellular responses elicited by fiber diameter, alignment, and scaffold porosity of two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) synthetic scaffolds. Variations in fiber diameter, alignment, and scaffold porosity guide stem cells toward different lineages. Cells generally exhibit rounded morphology on nanofibers, randomly oriented fibers, and low-porosity scaffolds. Conversely, cells exhibit elongated, spindle-shaped morphology on microfibers, aligned fibers, and high-porosity scaffolds. Cells migrate with higher velocities on nanofibers, aligned fibers, and high-porosity scaffolds but migrate greater distances on microfibers, aligned fibers, and highly porous scaffolds. Incorporating relevant biomimetic factors into synthetic scaffolds destined for specific tissue application could take advantage of and further enhance these responses.
组织工程学在工程组织发育过程中常使用合成支架来引导细胞反应。由于细胞存在于细胞外基质的特定微环境中，了解基质如何引导细胞反应并将这一知识纳入支架设计很重要。本综述的目的是回顾细胞 - 基质相互作用的要素，这些要素对于了解和评估合成支架上的细胞反应至关重要。因此，本综述研究了细胞外基质的纤维蛋白及其对细胞行为的影响，随后讨论了二维（2D）和三维（3D）合成支架的纤维直径、排列方式和支架孔隙率所引发的细胞反应。纤维直径、排列方式和支架孔隙率的变化会引导干细胞向不同谱系分化。细胞在纳米纤维、随机取向的纤维和低孔隙率支架上通常呈现圆形形态。相反，细胞在微纤维、排列整齐的纤维和高孔隙率支架上呈现伸长的纺锤形形态。细胞在纳米纤维、排列整齐的纤维和高孔隙率支架上迁移速度更快，但在微纤维、排列整齐的纤维和高孔隙度支架上迁移距离更远。将相关的仿生因素纳入用于特定组织应用的合成支架中，可以利用并进一步增强这些反应。
