谈问题——评价性和激励性内部言语的使用可以预测冲突任务中的表现。
Talking matters - evaluative and motivational inner speech use predicts performance in conflict tasks.
机构信息
Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Department of Psychology, Eichstätt, D-85072, Germany.
Medical School Berlin, Department of Sciences, Berlin, D-12247, Germany.
出版信息
Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 2;9(1):9531. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45836-2.
Conflict between response tendencies is ubiquitous in every day performance. Capabilities that resolve such conflicts are therefore mandatory for successful goal achievement. The present study investigates the potential of evaluative and motivational inner speech to help conflict resolution. In our study we assessed six tasks commonly used to measure conflict resolution capabilities and cognitive flexibility in 163 participants. Participants additionally answered questionnaires concerned with their habitual usage of inner speech such as silently rehearsing task instructions and evaluating performance. We found reduced conflict effects in tasks using symbolic, non-verbal stimuli for participants with higher self-reported use of evaluative and motivational inner speech. Overall, our findings suggest that silent self-talk and performance monitoring are beneficial for conflict resolution over and above constructs such as intelligence and working memory capacity that account for mean RT differences among participants.
在日常表现中，反应倾向之间的冲突无处不在。因此，能够解决这种冲突的能力是成功实现目标的必要条件。本研究调查了评价性和动机性内部言语帮助冲突解决的潜力。在我们的研究中，我们评估了六个常用于衡量 163 名参与者的冲突解决能力和认知灵活性的任务。参与者还回答了关于他们内部言语习惯使用的问卷，例如默默地重复任务指令和评估表现。我们发现，对于自我报告使用评价性和动机性内部言语较多的参与者，使用符号、非言语刺激的任务的冲突效应降低。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，与智力和工作记忆能力等因素相比，沉默的自言自语和绩效监控对于冲突解决更为有益，而智力和工作记忆能力可以解释参与者之间平均 RT 差异。
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