Rey-Mermet Alodie, Gade Miriam, Oberauer Klaus
Department of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit, University Research Priority Program (URPP) "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich.
Department of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Zurich.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2018 Apr;44(4):501-526. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000450. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
Inhibition is often conceptualized as a unitary construct reflecting the ability to ignore and suppress irrelevant information. At the same time, it has been subdivided into inhibition of prepotent responses (i.e., the ability to stop dominant responses) and resistance to distracter interference (i.e., the ability to ignore distracting information). The present study investigated the unity and diversity of inhibition as a psychometric construct, and tested the hypothesis of an inhibition deficit in older age. We measured inhibition in young and old adults with 11 established laboratory tasks: antisaccade, stop-signal, color Stroop, number Stroop, arrow flanker, letter flanker, Simon, global-local, positive and negative compatibility tasks, and n-2 repetition costs in task switching. In both age groups, the inhibition measures from individual tasks had good reliabilities, but correlated only weakly among each other. Structural equation modeling identified a 2-factor model with factors for inhibition of prepotent responses and resistance to distracter interference. Older adults scored worse in the inhibition of prepotent response, but better in the resistance to distracter interference. However, the model had low explanatory power. Together, these findings call into question inhibition as a psychometric construct and the hypothesis of an inhibition deficit in older age. (PsycINFO Database Record
抑制通常被概念化为一种单一的结构，反映了忽略和抑制无关信息的能力。同时，它又被细分为对优势反应的抑制（即停止主导反应的能力）和对干扰物干扰的抵抗（即忽略干扰信息的能力）。本研究调查了作为一种心理测量结构的抑制的统一性和多样性，并检验了老年人存在抑制缺陷的假设。我们用11项既定的实验室任务测量了年轻人和老年人的抑制能力：反眼跳任务、停止信号任务、颜色斯特鲁普任务、数字斯特鲁普任务、箭头侧翼任务、字母侧翼任务、西蒙任务、全局-局部任务、正负兼容性任务以及任务转换中的n-2重复代价。在两个年龄组中，各个任务的抑制测量都具有良好的信度，但彼此之间的相关性较弱。结构方程模型确定了一个双因素模型，因素分别为对优势反应的抑制和对干扰物干扰的抵抗。老年人在对优势反应的抑制方面得分较低，但在对干扰物干扰的抵抗方面得分较高。然而，该模型的解释力较低。总之，这些发现对作为一种心理测量结构的抑制以及老年人存在抑制缺陷的假设提出了质疑。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
