School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL.
Alabama Department of Public Health, Montgomery, AL.
J Med Entomol. 2019 Oct 28;56(6):1745-1749. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz115.
Mosquito-borne diseases are on the rise globally, and have the potential to thrive along the Gulf Coast of the United States, where subtropical conditions may facilitate the introduction or movement of mosquito vectors. Despite surveillance efforts, Aedes aegypti (L.) had not been detected in the Gulf state of Alabama for nearly three decades. The detection of Ae. aegypti in Alabama may suggest remnant or reemergent populations of this vector. We conducted adult sampling between May and August of 2018 to capture mosquitoes during a time frame when all species should be active. This was to ensure no species were missed due to overwintering and to identify the distributions of Aedes mosquitoes of medical importance. No Ae. aegypti were detected in Alabama over the period of this study. We detected Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in 65 counties and the recently invasive Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald) in 30 counties across the state. These results indicate that while Ae. aegypti was recently reported from parts of Alabama, the state is not experiencing a major resurgence of the species, whereas Ae. albopictus remains ubiquitous. Further, results indicate that a third wave of Aedes invasion may be occurring, that of Ae. japonicus japonicus. All three of these species are medically important vectors and may pose threats to the public health of the Gulf Coast of the United States.
蚊媒疾病在全球呈上升趋势，并有在 美国墨西哥湾沿岸地区流行的潜力，那里的亚热带条件可能有利于蚊媒的引入或传播。尽管进行了监测，但在近 30 年的时间里，美国海湾州亚拉巴马州都没有发现埃及伊蚊（L.）。在亚拉巴马州发现埃及伊蚊可能表明该蚊媒的残余或重现种群。我们在 2018 年 5 月至 8 月间进行了成虫采样，以便在所有物种都应该活跃的时间段捕获蚊子。这是为了确保由于越冬而不会错过任何物种，并确定具有医学重要性的伊蚊的分布。在本研究期间，亚拉巴马州没有检测到埃及伊蚊。我们在该州的 65 个县检测到白纹伊蚊（Skuse），在 30 个县检测到最近入侵的日本伊蚊（Theobald）。这些结果表明，尽管亚拉巴马州部分地区最近报告了埃及伊蚊，但该州并没有出现该物种的大规模复燃，而白纹伊蚊仍然无处不在。此外，结果表明，第三波登革热蚊媒入侵可能正在发生，即日本伊蚊（Theobald）的入侵。这三种蚊媒都是具有医学重要性的媒介，可能对美国墨西哥湾沿岸地区的公共卫生构成威胁。
