Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
BMC Microbiol. 2019 Jul 3;19(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1524-5.
Adaptability to different environmental conditions is an essential characteristic of pathogenic microorganisms as it facilitates their invasion of host organisms. The most external component of pathogenic yeast-like fungi from the Candida genus is the multilayered cell wall. This structure is composed mainly of complex polysaccharides and proteins that can undergo dynamic changes to adapt to the environmental conditions of colonized niches.
We utilized cell surface shaving with trypsin and a shotgun proteomic approach to reveal the surface-exposed proteins of three important non-albicans Candida species-C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. These proteinaceous components were identified after the growth of the fungal cells in various culture media, including artificial saliva, artificial urine and vagina-simulative medium under aerobic conditions and anaerobically in rich YPD medium. Several known proteins involved in cell wall maintenance and fungal pathogenesis were identified at the cell surface as were a number of atypical cell wall components-pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc11), enolase (Eno1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Tdh3) which are so-called 'moonlighting' proteins. Notably, many of these proteins showed significant upregulation at the cell surface in growth media mimicking the conditions of infection compared to defined synthetic medium.
Moonlighting proteins are expressed under diverse conditions at the cell walls of the C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis fungal pathogens. This indicates a possible universal surface-associated role of these factors in the physiology of these fungi and in the pathology of the infections they cause.
适应不同环境条件是病原微生物的一个重要特征，因为这有助于它们入侵宿主生物。致病性酵母样真菌属（Candida）的最外层细胞是多层细胞壁。该结构主要由复杂的多糖和蛋白质组成，可发生动态变化以适应定植部位的环境条件。
我们利用胰蛋白酶细胞表面刮削和鸟枪法蛋白质组学方法，揭示了三种重要的非白念珠菌属（Candida）种——近平滑念珠菌、近平滑假丝酵母和热带假丝酵母的表面暴露蛋白。在真菌细胞在各种培养条件下生长后，鉴定了这些蛋白质，包括人工唾液、人工尿液和阴道模拟培养基（有氧条件下）以及在富含 YPD 培养基中无氧条件下。鉴定了几种已知的参与细胞壁维持和真菌发病机制的蛋白，以及一些非典型的细胞壁成分，如丙酮酸脱羧酶（Pdc11）、烯醇酶（Eno1）和甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（Tdh3），它们被称为“月光蛋白”。值得注意的是，与定义明确的合成培养基相比，这些蛋白在模拟感染条件的生长培养基中，在细胞表面的表达水平显著上调。
月光蛋白在近平滑念珠菌、近平滑假丝酵母和热带假丝酵母真菌病原体的细胞壁上在多种条件下表达。这表明这些因素可能在这些真菌的生理学和它们引起的感染病理学中具有普遍的表面相关作用。
