Böhm Martin, Stiglbauer Barbara
Abteilung Qualitätsmanagement, pro mente Oberösterreich, Lonstorferplatz 1, 4020, Linz, Österreich.
Institut für Pädagogik und Psychologie, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Linz, Österreich.
Neuropsychiatr. 2020 Mar;34(1):5-14. doi: 10.1007/s40211-019-0316-3. Epub 2019 Jul 3.
This study provides insights into the work demands associated with the "world of work 4.0" as well as employee needs from the perspectives of clients, staff, and executives of an Austrian work integration social enterprise (WISE). The WISE offers two main types of rehabilitation and support programs for individuals with psychological health conditions: 1) counselling and assistance programs, and 2) training and employment programs.
The study employed a mixed-method design, using both quantitative (online survey) and qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews). N = 620 clients and N = 188 employees from of the rehabilitation programs were invited to take part in an online survey on work demands and employee needs. The response rates were 40.81% (n = 253) among clients and 54.79% (n = 103) among employees. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted among six executives.
The results demonstrate that, with respect to the future labour market, participants feel that it is important to develop competences related to new technologies and resilience, but also to train social competences. Employees and clients in counselling and advice programs evaluated the support (provided by the WISE) in achieving methodological competences, resilience, and social competences more positively as compared with employees and clients in training and employment programs. The latter, however, evaluated the support in achieving manual skills more positively.
In general, the rehabilitation programs do well in fostering social competences and resilience among their clients, but need to improve their promotion of media competences. Participants' needs can hardly be satisfied through the future labour market, especially the need for low-demand work and the needs for autonomy and personal growth. Additionally, the executives noted that in the future labour market, many jobs in the production sector would be cut, jobs would become more complex, and high technical know-how would be required. They feel that these trends will make it more difficult to place participants into first labour market employment. Accordingly, it would be especially important to secure the second labour market.
本研究从奥地利一家工作整合型社会企业（WISE）的客户、员工和管理人员的角度，深入探讨了与“工作4.0时代”相关的工作要求以及员工需求。WISE为有心理健康问题的个人提供两种主要类型的康复和支持项目：1）咨询与援助项目；2）培训与就业项目。
本研究采用混合方法设计，同时运用定量方法（在线调查）和定性方法（半结构化访谈）。邀请了620名康复项目客户和188名员工参与关于工作要求和员工需求的在线调查。客户的回复率为40.81%（n = 253），员工的回复率为54.79%（n = 103）。此外，还对六位管理人员进行了半结构化访谈。
结果表明，对于未来劳动力市场，参与者认为培养与新技术和适应力相关的能力很重要，同时培养社交能力也很重要。咨询与建议项目中的员工和客户对WISE在培养方法能力、适应力和社交能力方面提供的支持评价比培训与就业项目中的员工和客户更积极。然而，后者对WISE在培养手工技能方面提供的支持评价更积极。
总体而言，康复项目在培养客户的社交能力和适应力方面做得很好，但需要加强对媒体能力的提升。参与者的需求很难通过未来劳动力市场得到满足，尤其是对低需求工作的需求以及对自主性和个人成长的需求。此外，管理人员指出，在未来劳动力市场，生产部门的许多工作岗位将被削减，工作将变得更加复杂，需要很高的技术知识。他们认为这些趋势将使安置参与者进入一级劳动力市场就业变得更加困难。因此，确保二级劳动力市场尤为重要。
