Zhang Zhiguang, Pereira João R, Sousa-Sá Eduarda, Okely Anthony D, Feng Xiaoqi, Santos Rute
Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Pediatr Obes. 2019 Nov;14(11):e12557. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12557. Epub 2019 Jul 3.
The associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in children under three years are not fully understood yet.
The objective of the study is to examine the cross-sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in toddlers over a 12-month period.
Participants were 202 toddlers from the GET-UP!
Sleep duration, sleep timing, and sleep variability were assessed using 24-hour accelerometry for seven consecutive days. Height and weight were measured, and BMI z scores were calculated. Linear mixed models were performed to examine the cross-sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity, with adjustments for clustering effects and demographic factors.
Total sleep duration was negatively associated with higher adiposity cross-sectionally (B = -0.12; 95% CI: -0.23, -0.01; .033) but not prospectively (B = 0.01; 95% CI: -0.13, 0.10; .843). Nap duration was prospectively associated with higher levels of adiposity (B = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.68; .003). Sleep variability and sleep timing were not associated with concurrent or subsequent adiposity.
Although sleep duration is an important factor associated with obesity in toddlerhood, the potential effects of different types of sleep duration may vary. While longer total sleep duration may protect children from increasing adiposity, longer nap duration seems to be risk factor. As evidence in this age group is scarce, more research is needed to confirm this finding.
三岁以下儿童睡眠特征与肥胖之间的关联尚未完全明确。
本研究旨在探讨12个月期间幼儿睡眠特征与肥胖之间的横断面及前瞻性关联。
研究对象为来自“GET-UP！研究”的202名幼儿。连续七天使用24小时加速度计评估睡眠时间、睡眠时间点及睡眠变异性。测量身高和体重，并计算BMI z评分。采用线性混合模型来检验睡眠特征与肥胖之间的横断面及前瞻性关联，并对聚类效应和人口统计学因素进行调整。
总睡眠时间与肥胖程度较高呈横断面负相关（B = -0.12；95%可信区间：-0.23，-0.01；P = 0.033），但前瞻性分析无此关联（B = 0.01；95%可信区间：-0.13，0.10；P = 0.843）。小睡时间与较高的肥胖水平呈前瞻性关联（B = 0.41；95%可信区间：0.14，0.68；P = 0.003）。睡眠变异性和睡眠时间点与同时期或随后的肥胖无关联。
尽管睡眠时间是幼儿肥胖的一个重要相关因素，但不同类型睡眠时间的潜在影响可能有所不同。较长的总睡眠时间可能会保护儿童避免肥胖增加，而较长的小睡时间似乎是一个危险因素。由于该年龄组的证据较少，需要更多研究来证实这一发现。
