Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Development. 2019 Jul 4;146(13):dev167502. doi: 10.1242/dev.167502.
Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of retinol (vitamin A), functions as a ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs) that regulate development of chordate animals. RA-RARs can activate or repress transcription of key developmental genes. Genetic studies in mouse and zebrafish embryos that are deficient in RA-generating enzymes or RARs have been instrumental in identifying RA functions, revealing that RA signaling regulates development of many organs and tissues, including the body axis, spinal cord, forelimbs, heart, eye and reproductive tract. An understanding of the normal functions of RA signaling during development will guide efforts for use of RA as a therapeutic agent to improve human health. Here, we provide an overview of RA signaling and highlight its key functions during development.
视黄酸（RA）是视黄醇（维生素 A）的代谢产物，作为核视黄酸受体（RARs）的配体发挥作用，调节脊索动物的发育。RA-RAR 可以激活或抑制关键发育基因的转录。在缺乏产生 RA 的酶或 RAR 的小鼠和斑马鱼胚胎中的遗传研究对于确定 RA 的功能至关重要，揭示 RA 信号转导调节许多器官和组织的发育，包括身体轴、脊髓、前肢、心脏、眼睛和生殖道。了解 RA 信号转导在发育过程中的正常功能将指导将 RA 用作治疗剂以改善人类健康的努力。在这里，我们概述了 RA 信号转导，并强调了它在发育过程中的关键功能。
