Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Bioessays. 2019 Aug;41(8):e1900011. doi: 10.1002/bies.201900011. Epub 2019 Jul 5.
Recent developments in 3D cultures exploiting the self-organization ability of pluripotent stem cells have enabled the generation of powerful in vitro systems termed brain organoids. These 3D tissues recapitulate many aspects of human brain development and disorders occurring in vivo. When combined with improved differentiation methods, these in vitro systems allow the generation of more complex "assembloids," which are able to reveal cell diversities, microcircuits, and cell-cell interactions within their 3D organization. Here, the ways in which human brain organoids have contributed to demystifying the complexities of brain development and modeling of developmental disorders is reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, challenging questions that are yet to be addressed by emerging brain organoid research are discussed.
近年来，利用多能干细胞自我组织能力的 3D 培养技术取得了新进展，从而产生了强大的体外系统，称为脑类器官。这些 3D 组织重现了体内发生的许多人类大脑发育和疾病的方面。当与改进的分化方法相结合时，这些体外系统允许生成更复杂的“组装体”，这些组装体能够揭示其 3D 组织内的细胞多样性、微电路和细胞-细胞相互作用。在这里，综述和讨论了人类脑类器官在揭示大脑发育的复杂性和发育障碍模型方面的贡献。此外，还讨论了新兴的脑类器官研究尚未解决的具有挑战性的问题。
