Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Carney Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2019 Aug;23(8):653-671. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.009. Epub 2019 Jul 3.
Studies of humans with focal brain damage and non-human animals with experimentally induced brain lesions have provided pivotal insights into the neural basis of behavior. As the repertoire of neural manipulation and recording techniques expands, the utility of studying permanent brain lesions bears re-examination. Studies on the effects of permanent lesions provide vital data about brain function that are distinct from those of reversible manipulations. Focusing on work carried out in humans and nonhuman primates, we address the inferential strengths and limitations of lesion studies, recent methodological developments, the integration of this approach with other methods, and the clinical and ecological relevance of this research. We argue that lesion studies are essential to the rigorous assessment of neuroscience theories.
对大脑局部损伤的人类患者和通过实验性脑损伤诱导的非人类动物的研究，为行为的神经基础提供了重要的见解。随着神经操作和记录技术的不断发展，对永久性脑损伤的研究需要重新评估。对永久性损伤影响的研究提供了与可逆操作不同的关于大脑功能的重要数据。本文主要关注在人类和非人类灵长类动物中开展的工作，探讨了损伤研究的推断优势和局限性、最近的方法学进展、该方法与其他方法的结合，以及该研究的临床和生态相关性。我们认为，损伤研究对于严格评估神经科学理论是必不可少的。
