Sutterer Matthew J, Tranel Daniel
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa.
Neuropsychology. 2017 Nov;31(8):972-980. doi: 10.1037/neu0000408. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
We highlight the past 25 years of cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology, focusing on the impact to the field of the introduction in 1992 of functional MRI (fMRI).
We reviewed the past 25 years of literature in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology, focusing on the relation and interplay of fMRI studies and studies utilizing the "lesion method" in human participants with focal brain damage.
Our review highlights the state of localist/connectionist research debates in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology circa 1992, and details how the introduction of fMRI into the field at that time catalyzed a new wave of efforts to map complex human behavior to specific brain regions. This, in turn, eventually evolved into many studies that focused on networks and connections between brain areas, culminating in recent years with large-scale investigations such as the Human Connectome Project.
We argue that throughout the past 25 years, neuropsychology-and more precisely, the "lesion method" in humans-has continued to play a critical role in arbitrating conclusions and theories derived from inferred patterns of local brain activity or wide-spread connectivity from functional imaging approaches. We conclude by highlighting the future for neuropsychology in the context of an increasingly complex methodological armamentarium. (PsycINFO Database Record
我们着重介绍认知神经科学和神经心理学在过去25年的发展，重点关注1992年功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）的引入对该领域的影响。
我们回顾了认知神经科学和神经心理学领域过去25年的文献，重点关注fMRI研究与对患有局灶性脑损伤的人类参与者使用“损伤方法”的研究之间的关系和相互作用。
我们的综述突出了1992年前后认知神经科学和神经心理学中局部主义/联结主义研究辩论的状况，并详细阐述了当时fMRI引入该领域如何催化了将复杂人类行为映射到特定脑区的新一轮努力。这反过来又最终演变成许多专注于脑区之间网络和连接的研究，近年来以人类连接体计划等大规模调查达到顶峰。
我们认为，在过去25年中，神经心理学——更确切地说，人类的“损伤方法”——在仲裁从功能性成像方法推断的局部脑活动模式或广泛连接得出的结论和理论方面继续发挥着关键作用。我们通过强调在日益复杂的方法库背景下神经心理学的未来来得出结论。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
