Association of human leukocyte antigen-G 14 bp polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss in European countries: a meta-analysis of literature studies.

OBJECTIVE

To study the controversial association between human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) 14 bp polymorphism and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We performed a meta-analysis of studies in the literature that enrolled only women of European countries who experienced RPL spontaneously or after undergoing IVF.

DESIGN

Systematic meta-analysis of articles published before January 2019 pertaining the association of HLA-G genotype and RPL. The search was performed in electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE), without any language or publication year restriction.

SETTING

Academic hospitals and private clinics.

PATIENT(S): Women who experienced RPL spontaneously or after undergoing IVF.

INTERVENTION(S): Genotyping of 14 bp polymorphism (insertion/insertion, insertion/deletion, deletion/deletion) in exon 8 of the HLA-G gene.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Meta-analyses of the association between HLA-G 14 bp polymorphism in homozygosis (insertion/insertion) and heterozygosis (insertion/deletion) in women with RPL compared with pregnant controls with at least one live birth and no history of RPL.

RESULT(S): Ten studies were analyzed comprising 1,091 women with RPL and 808 controls without RPL. Women with RPL showed significantly higher prevalence of HLA-G 14 bp insertion/insertion genotype compared with women without RPL (19.8% vs. 14.1%; odds ratio = 1.562; 95% confidence interval, 1.203-2.027), and this result was also confirmed when separately analyzing women with RPL during a spontaneous pregnancy (odds ratio, 1.562; 95% confidence interval, 1.203-2.027) and those undergoing IVF (odds ratio, 1.990; 95% confidence interval, 0.978-4.051).

CONCLUSION(S): Women of European countries with the HLA-G 14 bp insertion/insertion genotype have a significantly higher prevalence of RPL.