Onetti-Onetti Wanesa, Chinchilla-Minguet José Luis, Martins Fernando Manuel Lourenço, Castillo-Rodriguez Alfonso
Faculty of Education, UNIR, International University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
Department of Languages, Arts and Sports, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jun 20;10:1333. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01333. eCollection 2019.
The period of adolescence stands out as a critical and decisive phase, first because it leaves its mark on personality development, which is affected by psychosocial factors, and second because the healthy lifestyle habits acquired during this stage form a foundation for adulthood. The objective of the present study was first to evaluate the levels of participation in physical activities (PA) and of self-concept in high school and university students, and second to find relationships between these psycho-physical variables. Four hundred and forty adolescents ranging in age from 16 to 20 years, from Spain and Portugal, participated in this study (cross-sectional design). The IPAQ and Self-Concept Form-5 questionnaires were used. The results demonstrated some differences; the Portuguese university students had lower scores in the academic, emotional and physical dimensions and vigorous PA but higher sitting time, walking and moderate PA compared to Portuguese high school students. In addition, Spanish university students had lower self-concept scores although higher practice of PA and lower sitting time than Spanish high school students ( < 0.05). On the other hand, a positive relationship was found between different dimensions of self-concept and levels of PA, while the relationship between these dimensions and the time the adolescent spent sitting was negative. In conclusion, the university students have lower scores of self-concept dimensions (in general), and the practice of PA is higher in Spanish university students, confirming the clear presence of differences between both educational stages. The relationship between the dimensions of self-concept in general and the level of PA was positive (following the contributions of Marsh).
青春期是一个关键且具有决定性的阶段，首先是因为它在人格发展上留下印记，而人格发展会受到社会心理因素的影响；其次是因为在这个阶段养成的健康生活习惯为成年奠定了基础。本研究的目的，一是评估高中生和大学生的体育活动（PA）参与水平和自我概念水平，二是找出这些心理 - 生理变量之间的关系。来自西班牙和葡萄牙的440名年龄在16至20岁之间的青少年参与了本研究（横断面设计）。使用了国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）和自我概念量表 - 5问卷。结果显示出一些差异；与葡萄牙高中生相比，葡萄牙大学生在学业、情感和身体维度以及剧烈体育活动方面得分较低，但久坐时间、步行和中等强度体育活动得分较高。此外，西班牙大学生的自我概念得分较低，尽管他们的体育活动参与度较高且久坐时间比西班牙高中生少（<0.05）。另一方面，自我概念的不同维度与体育活动水平之间存在正相关关系，而这些维度与青少年久坐时间之间的关系为负相关。总之，大学生的自我概念维度得分（总体上）较低，西班牙大学生的体育活动参与度较高，这证实了两个教育阶段之间存在明显差异。自我概念维度总体上与体育活动水平之间的关系是正相关的（遵循马什的研究成果）。
