Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Neural Plast. 2019 Jun 9;2019:6817839. doi: 10.1155/2019/6817839. eCollection 2019.
Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental visual disorder arising from decorrelated binocular experience during the critical periods of development. The hallmark of amblyopia is reduced visual acuity and impairment in binocular vision. The consequences of amblyopia on various sensory and perceptual functions have been studied extensively over the past 50 years. Historically, relatively fewer studies examined the impact of amblyopia on visuomotor behaviours; however, research in this area has flourished over the past 10 years. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge about the effects of amblyopia on eye movements, upper limb reaching and grasping movements, as well as balance and gait. Accumulating evidence indicates that amblyopia is associated with considerable deficits in visuomotor behaviour during amblyopic eye viewing, as well as adaptations in behaviour during binocular and fellow eye viewing in adults and children. Importantly, due to amblyopia heterogeneity, visuomotor development in children and motor skill performance in adults may be significantly influenced by the etiology and clinical features, such as visual acuity and stereoacuity. Studies with larger cohorts of children and adults are needed to disentangle the unique contribution of these clinical characteristics to the development and performance of visuomotor behaviours.
弱视是一种神经发育性视觉障碍，源于发育关键期双眼经验失连接。弱视的标志是视力下降和双眼视觉障碍。在过去的 50 年里，人们广泛研究了弱视对各种感觉和知觉功能的影响。从历史上看，相对较少的研究考察了弱视对视觉运动行为的影响；然而，过去 10 年来，该领域的研究蓬勃发展。因此，本综述论文的目的是全面回顾当前关于弱视对眼球运动、上肢伸手和抓握运动以及平衡和步态的影响的知识。越来越多的证据表明，弱视与弱视眼注视时的视觉运动行为有很大的缺陷，以及成人和儿童双眼和优势眼注视时的行为适应性。重要的是，由于弱视的异质性，儿童的视觉运动发育和成人的运动技能表现可能会受到病因和临床特征的显著影响，如视力和立体视锐度。需要对更多的儿童和成人进行研究，以厘清这些临床特征对视觉运动行为的发展和表现的独特贡献。
