Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2019 Sep;170(1):88-97. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23895. Epub 2019 Jul 7.
To analyze the nutritional status of Ugandan school-children in a cross-sectional and longitudinal perspective, considering the effect of age imprecision.
Anthropometric measurements of 831 school-children (381 males and 450 females) were analyzed. A subsample of 246 children was measured in July 2014 and 2015. Stunting (based on height-for-age Z-scores), underweight (weight-for-age), and thinness (body mass index-for-age) prevalence were calculated. Three different ages were used: declared (from schools registers), attributed (based on multiple information sources), and bootstrap (from 10,000 replicates). Significant differences among malnutrition prevalence calculated with different ages and in different groups were assessed by means of bootstrap analysis. Longitudinal analysis was conducted using a paired t test.
The mean prevalence of malnutrition calculated with declared, attributed, or bootstrap ages were very similar: stunting (11.9-12.7); underweight (5.4-5.9); thinness (3.3-3.7); and obesity (0.7). Undernutrition was more prevalent among older children, while obesity was mostly associated with young age. Obesity was equally distributed among sexes, while undernutrition was more prevalent among females of up to 10 years of age and males above 10 years. The longitudinal analysis indicated a reduction in underweight and thinness, and an increase in stunting, especially among older children.
Age imprecision did not significantly affect malnutrition estimates. Despite the decline in the prevalence of thinness and underweight observed over a 1-year period, undernutrition persists, with an observed rise in stunting. On the other hand, obesity is starting to appear. Public health efforts are required to eliminate stunting and address the emerging burden of obesity.
从横断面和纵向角度分析乌干达学童的营养状况，同时考虑年龄不精确的影响。
对 831 名学童（男 381 名，女 450 名）的人体测量数据进行了分析。其中 246 名儿童的样本在 2014 年 7 月和 2015 年 7 月进行了重复测量。根据身高年龄 Z 分数计算发育迟缓（基于身高年龄 Z 分数）、消瘦（体重年龄）和消瘦（年龄别 BMI）的患病率。使用了三种不同的年龄：申报（来自学校登记册）、归因（基于多个信息来源）和自举（来自 10,000 次重复）。通过自举分析评估了使用不同年龄和不同组别计算的营养不良患病率之间的差异。采用配对 t 检验进行纵向分析。
使用申报、归因或自举年龄计算的营养不良平均患病率非常相似：发育迟缓（11.9-12.7）；消瘦（5.4-5.9）；消瘦（3.3-3.7）；肥胖（0.7）。年龄较大的儿童营养不良更为普遍，而肥胖主要与年轻有关。肥胖在性别之间分布均匀，而在 10 岁以下的女性和 10 岁以上的男性中，营养不良更为普遍。纵向分析表明，消瘦和消瘦的患病率有所下降，而发育迟缓的患病率有所增加，尤其是在年龄较大的儿童中。
年龄不精确不会显著影响营养不良的估计。尽管在一年期间观察到消瘦和消瘦的患病率下降，但营养不良仍然存在，发育迟缓的患病率有所上升。另一方面，肥胖开始出现。需要采取公共卫生措施来消除发育迟缓问题，并解决肥胖这一日益严重的负担。
