Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2019 Jul 5;19(13):2966. doi: 10.3390/s19132966.
Graphene and its chemically exfoliated derivatives-GO and rGO-are the key members of graphene family materials (GFM). The atomically thick crystal structure and the large continuous π conjugate of graphene imparts it with unique electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical properties. Although those properties of GO and rGO are compromised, they have better scalability and chemical tunability. All GFMs can be subject to noncovalent modification due to the large basal plane. Besides, they have satisfying biocompatibility. Thus, GFMs are promising materials for biological, chemical and mechanical sensors. The present review summarizes how to incorporate GFMs into different sensing system including fluorescence aptamer-based sensors, field-effect transistors (FET), and electrochemical sensors, as well as, how to covalently and/or non-covalently modify GFMs to achieve various detection purpose. Sensing mechanisms and fabrication strategies that will influence the sensitivity of different sensing system are also reviewed.
石墨烯及其化学剥离衍生物-GO 和 rGO-是石墨烯家族材料（GFM）的主要成员。石墨烯的原子级厚度晶体结构和大的连续π共轭赋予了它独特的电学、力学、光学、热学和化学性质。尽管 GO 和 rGO 的这些性质有所折损，但它们具有更好的可扩展性和化学可调性。由于较大的基面，所有 GFM 都可以进行非共价修饰。此外，它们具有令人满意的生物相容性。因此，GFM 是生物、化学和机械传感器的有前途的材料。本综述总结了如何将 GFM 纳入不同的传感系统，包括基于荧光适体的传感器、场效应晶体管（FET）和电化学传感器，以及如何通过共价和/或非共价修饰 GFM 来实现各种检测目的。还回顾了影响不同传感系统灵敏度的传感机制和制造策略。
