Naviglio Daniele, Scarano Pierpaolo, Ciaravolo Martina, Gallo Monica
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia; Monte S. Angelo Complex, Naples 80126, Italy.
Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
Foods. 2019 Jul 5;8(7):245. doi: 10.3390/foods8070245.
Traditionally, solid-liquid extractions are performed using organic and/or inorganic liquids and their mixtures as extractant solvents in contact with an insoluble solid matrix (e.g., the Soxhlet method) or using sequential atmospheric pressure systems that require long procedures, such as maceration or percolation. The objective of this procedure is the extraction of any compounds that can be carried out from the inner solid material to the outlet, resulting in a solution containing colorants, bioactive compounds, odorous substances, etc. Over the years, in the extraction techniques sector, there have been many important changes from the points of view of production, quality, and human and environmental safety due to improvements in technology. In more recent times, the interest of the scientific community has been aimed at the study of sustainable processes for the valorization of extracts from vegetables and food by-products, through the use of non-conventional (innovative) technologies that represent a valid alternative to conventional methods, generally through saving time and energy and the formation of fewer by-products. Therefore, with the development of principles based on the prevention of pollution, on a lower risk for human health, and on a low environmental impact, new systems have been implemented to reduce extraction times and solvent consumption, to improve efficiency, and to increase the productivity of the extracts. From this point of view, rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE), performed using the Naviglio extractor, compared to traditional applications, is a technique that is able to reduce extraction times, generally leads to higher yields, does not require heating of the system, allows one to extract the active ingredients, and avoids their degradation. This technique is based on a new solid-liquid extraction principle named Naviglio's principle. In this review, after reviewing the latest extraction techniques, an overview of RSLDE applications in various research and production sectors over the past two decades is provided.
传统上，固液萃取是使用有机和/或无机液体及其混合物作为萃取溶剂，使其与不溶性固体基质接触（例如索氏提取法），或者使用需要较长流程的连续常压系统，如浸渍或渗滤。该过程的目的是从内部固体物质中萃取出任何能够被转移到出口的化合物，从而得到一种含有色素、生物活性化合物、有气味物质等的溶液。多年来，在萃取技术领域，由于技术进步，在生产、质量以及人类和环境安全方面都发生了许多重大变化。近年来，科学界的兴趣在于研究通过使用非常规（创新）技术来实现蔬菜和食品副产品提取物增值的可持续工艺，这些技术通常通过节省时间和能源以及减少副产品的形成，成为传统方法的有效替代方案。因此，随着基于预防污染、降低对人类健康风险和低环境影响的原则的发展，已经实施了新的系统来减少萃取时间和溶剂消耗，提高效率，并提高提取物的生产率。从这个角度来看，与传统应用相比，使用纳维利奥萃取器进行的快速固液动态萃取（RSLDE）是一种能够减少萃取时间、通常能获得更高产量、不需要加热系统、能够萃取出活性成分并避免其降解的技术。该技术基于一种名为纳维利奥原理的新的固液萃取原理。在这篇综述中，在回顾了最新的萃取技术之后概述了过去二十年中RSLDE在各个研究和生产领域的应用。
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