Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 23561, Taiwan.
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
Cells. 2019 Jul 5;8(7):685. doi: 10.3390/cells8070685.
Asthma is a common respiratory disease worldwide. Cytokines play a crucial role in the immune system and the inflammatory response to asthma. Abnormal cytokine expression may lead to the development of asthma, which may contribute to pathologies of this disease. As cytokines exhibit pleiotropy and redundancy characteristics, we summarized them according to their biologic activity in asthma development. We classified cytokines in three stages as follows: Group 1 cytokines for the epithelial environment stage, Group 2 cytokines for the Th2 polarization stage, and Group 3 cytokines for the tissue damage stage. The recent cytokine-targeting therapy for clinical use (anti-cytokine antibody/anti-cytokine receptor antibody) and traditional medicinal herbs (pure compounds, single herb, or natural formula) have been discussed in this review. Studies of the Group 2 anti-cytokine/anti-cytokine receptor therapies are more prominent than the studies of the other two groups. Anti-cytokine antibodies/anti-cytokine receptor antibodies for clinical use can be applied for patients who did not respond to standard treatments. For traditional medicinal herbs, anti-asthmatic bioactive compounds derived from medicinal herbs can be divided into five classes: alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, and terpenoids. However, the exact pathways targeted by these natural compounds need to be clarified. Using relevant knowledge to develop more comprehensive strategies may provide appropriate treatment for patients with asthma in the future.
哮喘是一种常见的全球性呼吸道疾病。细胞因子在免疫系统和哮喘的炎症反应中起着至关重要的作用。异常的细胞因子表达可能导致哮喘的发展，这可能导致这种疾病的病理变化。由于细胞因子表现出多效性和冗余的特征，我们根据它们在哮喘发展中的生物活性对其进行了分类。我们将细胞因子分为三个阶段：第 1 组细胞因子用于上皮环境阶段，第 2 组细胞因子用于 Th2 极化阶段，第 3 组细胞因子用于组织损伤阶段。本文综述了最近用于临床的细胞因子靶向治疗（抗细胞因子抗体/抗细胞因子受体抗体）和传统草药（纯化合物、单药或天然配方）。与其他两组相比，第 2 组抗细胞因子/抗细胞因子受体治疗的研究更为突出。对于未对标准治疗产生反应的患者，可以使用临床应用的抗细胞因子抗体/抗细胞因子受体抗体。对于传统草药，源自草药的抗哮喘生物活性化合物可以分为五类：生物碱、类黄酮、糖苷、多酚和萜类化合物。然而，需要阐明这些天然化合物的确切作用途径。利用相关知识开发更全面的策略，可能为未来哮喘患者提供适当的治疗。
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