Department of Psychology and Humanities, College of Sociology, Edogawa University, Japan.
Department of Human Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Sociology, Taisho University, Japan.
Sleep Med. 2019 Sep;61:73-81. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.03.023. Epub 2019 Apr 19.
As the relationships of sleep-wake schedule and mealtime with children's behaviors have not often been studied together, we investigated the relationships of these lifestyles variables with preschool children's well-being.
Using a network survey, we investigated several lifestyle variables of 1000 families with preschool children.
Our previous articles reported that preschool children's bedtime was delayed by the compulsory nap routine in Japanese nursery schools. The present study revealed similar results. We conducted a cluster analysis with children's meal and sleep time data, which yielded five different lifestyle groups. Cluster 1 was characterized by "extremely late and irregular" meal and sleep times; similar to Cluster 1, Cluster 2 was a "late and irregular" lifestyle group. Cluster 3 was a "mildly late" lifestyle group. Cluster 4 was an "early bird and regular lifestyle" group, and Cluster 5 resembled the "early bird and regular lifestyle" group on weekdays, but was "late and irregular on weekends." It was found that the later and more irregular the children's meal and sleep times, the worse their physical and mental condition. Even for Cluster 5, the children who had early and regular meal and sleep times on weekdays, getting up and having breakfast late and irregularly on weekends showed worse physical and mental conditions. These problematic symptoms observed in children with late meal and sleep times on weekends might be partly associated with the irregularity of their habits and partly associated with delayed mealtime, especially for breakfast (brunch).
A stable lifestyle, including a regular sleep and wake schedule and mealtime, is important for preschool children's mental and physical health.
由于睡眠-觉醒时间表和进餐时间与儿童行为的关系尚未经常同时研究，因此我们调查了这些生活方式变量与学龄前儿童健康的关系。
使用网络调查，我们调查了 1000 个有学龄前儿童的家庭的几种生活方式变量。
我们之前的文章报告说，日本幼儿园的强制性午睡常规导致学龄前儿童的就寝时间推迟。本研究得出了类似的结果。我们对儿童的进餐和睡眠时间数据进行了聚类分析，得出了五个不同的生活方式组。第 1 组的特点是“极晚且不规则”的进餐和睡眠时间；与第 1 组相似，第 2 组是“晚且不规则”的生活方式组。第 3 组是“轻度晚”的生活方式组。第 4 组是“早睡早起且有规律的生活方式”组，第 5 组类似于工作日的“早睡早起且有规律的生活方式”组，但周末“晚睡且不规律”。研究发现，儿童的进餐和睡眠时间越晚且越不规律，其身心健康状况越差。即使对于第 5 组，那些工作日有规律的进餐和睡眠时间、周末起床和吃早餐时间较晚且不规律的儿童，其身心健康状况也较差。周末进餐和睡眠时间较晚的儿童出现的这些问题症状，部分可能与习惯的不规则性有关，部分可能与进餐时间延迟有关，尤其是早餐（早午餐）。
稳定的生活方式，包括有规律的睡眠-觉醒时间表和进餐时间，对学龄前儿童的身心健康很重要。
