Ventura Paulo, Pereira Alexandre, Xufre Eunice, Pereira Marta, Ribeiro Sofia, Ferreira Inês, Madeira Mariana, Martins Ana, Domingues Miguel
Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013, Lisboa, Portugal.
Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture and New Technologies (CICANT) - Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2019 Aug;81(6):1767-1780. doi: 10.3758/s13414-019-01812-6.
Holistic processing, a hallmark of expert processing, has been shown for written words, signaled by the word composite effect, similar to the face composite effect: fluent readers find it difficult to focus on just one half of a written word while ignoring the other half, especially when the two word halves are aligned rather than misaligned. This effect is signaled by a significant interaction between alignment and congruency of the two word parts. Face and visual word recognition, however, involve different neural mechanisms with an opposite hemispheric lateralization. It is then possible that faces and words can both involve holistic processing in their own separate face and word processing systems, but by using different mechanisms. In the present study, we replicated with words a previous study done with faces (Richler, Bukach, & Gauthier, 2009, Experiment 3). In a first experiment we showed that in a composite task with aligned artificial objects, no congruency effects are found. In a second experiment, using an interleaved task, a congruency effect for Ziggerins was induced in trials in which a word was first encoded, but more strongly when it was aligned. However, in a stricter test, we found no differences between the congruency effect for Ziggerins induced by aligned words versus pseudowords. Our results demonstrate that different mechanisms can underlie holistic processing in different expertise domains.
整体加工是专家加工的一个标志，已在书面文字中得到证实，由单词合成效应所表明，类似于面孔合成效应：熟练的读者发现很难只关注书面单词的一半而忽略另一半，尤其是当单词的两半对齐而非错位时。这种效应由两个单词部分的对齐和一致性之间的显著交互作用所表明。然而，面孔和视觉单词识别涉及不同的神经机制，具有相反的半球侧化。那么有可能面孔和单词在各自独立的面孔和单词加工系统中都涉及整体加工，但使用的是不同的机制。在本研究中，我们用单词重复了之前一项针对面孔所做的研究（Richler、Bukach和Gauthier，2009年，实验3）。在第一个实验中，我们表明在一个使用对齐的人造物体的合成任务中，未发现一致性效应。在第二个实验中，使用交错任务，在首先对一个单词进行编码的试验中诱导出了对Ziggerins的一致性效应，但当它对齐时效应更强。然而，在一个更严格的测试中，我们发现对齐的单词与假词所诱导的对Ziggerins的一致性效应之间没有差异。我们的结果表明，不同的机制可能是不同专业领域中整体加工的基础。
