Ventura Paulo, Fernandes Tânia, Leite Isabel, Almeida Vítor B, Casqueiro Inês, Wong Alan C-N
Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal.
Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade de ÉvoraÉvora, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jun 20;8:1036. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01036. eCollection 2017.
Prior studies have shown that words show a composite effect: When readers perform a same-different matching task on a target-part of a word, performance is affected by the irrelevant part, whose influence is severely reduced when the two parts are misaligned. However, the locus of this word composite effect is largely unknown. To enlighten it, in two experiments, Portuguese readers performed the composite task on letter strings: in Experiment 1, in written words varying in surface features (between-participants: courier, notera, alternating-cAsE), and in Experiment 2 in pseudowords. The word composite effect, signaled by a significant interaction between alignment of the two word parts and congruence between parts was found in the three conditions of Experiment 1, being unaffected by NoVeLtY of the configuration or by handwritten form. This effect seems to have a lexical locus, given that in Experiment 2 only the main effect of congruence between parts was significant and was not modulated by alignment. Indeed, the cross-experiment analysis showed that words presented stronger congruence effects than pseudowords only in the aligned condition, because when misaligned the whole lexical item configuration was disrupted. Therefore, the word composite effect strongly depends on abstract lexical representations, as it is unaffected by surface features and is specific to lexical items.
先前的研究表明，单词呈现出一种复合效应：当读者对单词的目标部分执行相同-不同匹配任务时，表现会受到无关部分的影响，而当这两个部分未对齐时，无关部分的影响会大幅降低。然而，这种单词复合效应的位置在很大程度上尚不清楚。为了弄清楚这一点，在两项实验中，葡萄牙语读者对字母串执行了复合任务：在实验1中，对表面特征不同的书面单词（组间：信使体、便签体、交替大小写体）进行实验，在实验2中对假词进行实验。在实验1的三种条件下都发现了单词复合效应，其表现为两个单词部分的对齐与部分之间的一致性之间存在显著交互作用，且不受配置的新颖性或手写形式的影响。鉴于在实验2中只有部分之间一致性的主效应显著，且不受对齐的调节，这种效应似乎具有词汇位置。事实上，跨实验分析表明，只有在对齐条件下，单词呈现出比假词更强的一致性效应，因为当未对齐时，整个词汇项配置会被打乱。因此，单词复合效应强烈依赖于抽象的词汇表征，因为它不受表面特征的影响，且特定于词汇项。
