Developmental origins of ovarian disorder: impact of maternal lean gestational diabetes on the offspring ovarian proteome in mice†.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an obstetric disorder affecting approximately 10% of pregnancies. The four high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) mouse model emulates GDM in lean women. Dams are fed a HFHS diet 1 week prior to mating and throughout gestation resulting in inadequate insulin response to glucose in mid-late pregnancy. The offspring of HFHS dams have increased adiposity, thus, we hypothesized that maternal metabolic alterations during lean GDM would compromise ovarian function in offspring both basally and in response to a control or HFHS diet in adulthood. Briefly, DLPL were lean dams and control diet pups; DLPH were lean dams and HFHS pups; DHPL were HFHS dams and control diet pups; and DHPH were HFHS dams and HFHS pups. A HFHS challenge in the absence of maternal GDM (DLPL vs. DLPH) increased 3 and decreased 30 ovarian proteins. Maternal GDM in the absence of a dietary stress (DLPL vs. DHPL) increased abundance of 4 proteins and decreased abundance of 85 proteins in the offspring ovary. Finally, 87 proteins increased, and 4 proteins decreased in offspring ovaries due to dietary challenge and exposure to maternal GDM in utero (DLPL vs. DHPH). Canopy FGF signaling regulator 2, deleted in azoospermia-associated protein 1, septin 7, and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 were altered across multiple offspring groups. Together, these findings suggest a possible impact on fertility and oocyte quality in relation to GDM exposure in utero as well as in response to a western diet in later life.