Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2019 Nov 1;317(5):C869-C880. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00218.2019. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
Metastases remain a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. This is a multistep process that involves aberrant cell communication, leading to tumor cell dissemination from the primary tumor and colonization of distinct organs for secondary tumor formation. The mechanisms promoting this pathological process are not fully understood, although they may be of obvious therapeutic interest. Exosomes are small cell-secreted vesicles that contain a large variety of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids with important signaling activities, and that represent an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for cell-to-cell communication. Not surprisingly, exosome activities have gained strong interest in cancer biology and might play essential roles in metastasis development. Here, we will describe recent findings on the role of exosomes in cancer metastasis formation, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). We will also discuss the potential therapeutic value of these vesicles in metastatic cancer.
转移仍然是癌症发病率和死亡率的主要原因。这是一个多步骤的过程，涉及异常的细胞通讯，导致肿瘤细胞从原发性肿瘤扩散，并在不同的器官中定植形成继发性肿瘤。促进这一病理过程的机制尚不完全清楚，尽管它们可能具有明显的治疗意义。外泌体是小细胞分泌的囊泡，其中含有大量具有重要信号活性的蛋白质、脂质和核酸，是细胞间通讯的一种进化上保守的机制。毫不奇怪，外泌体的活性在癌症生物学中引起了强烈的兴趣，并可能在转移发展中发挥重要作用。在这里，我们将描述外泌体在癌症转移形成中的作用的最新发现，特别是在结直肠癌（CRC）中。我们还将讨论这些囊泡在转移性癌症中的潜在治疗价值。
