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外泌体:结直肠癌故事中的主角?

Exosomes: The protagonists in the tale of colorectal cancer?

机构信息

Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

出版信息

Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2020 Dec;1874(2):188426. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188426. Epub 2020 Sep 18.

Abstract

Exosomes, which facilitate intercellular communication, antigen presentation and shuttling of biological agents, were initially thought as the cell's garbage cargo but today, after about 40 years of their discovery, we are now beginning to understand their potential role in diagnosis and therapy of several diseases including cancers. Various studies over the decades have signified the role of exosomes in different stages of cancer. Exosomes play a key role in colorectal cancer initiation (CRC), promotion of anti- apoptotic signaling pathways, regulating tumor microenvironment, enhancing tumorigenicity, promotion of angiogenesis, stem cell proliferation and endothelial cell migration, establishment of immune suppressive environment, formation of pre- metastatic niche and metastasis. Exosomes also elicits drug resistance. Since, they have the ability to cross the biological barrier, exosomes are now being explored as an efficient target specific drug delivery system that facilitates the shipping of different biomolecules and therapeutic drugs. However, cautious and strong investigative approaches are required before approving exosomes as therapeutics or drug delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the role of exosomes in different stages of CRC and also elaborate on the applications of exosomes in diagnosis and therapy with respect to CRC.

摘要

外泌体可促进细胞间通讯、抗原呈递和生物制剂的转运,最初被认为是细胞的“垃圾货物”,但在发现后的大约 40 年里,我们现在开始了解它们在包括癌症在内的几种疾病的诊断和治疗中的潜在作用。几十年来的各种研究表明了外泌体在癌症不同阶段的作用。外泌体在结直肠癌的发生(CRC)、抗凋亡信号通路的促进、肿瘤微环境的调节、肿瘤发生能力的增强、血管生成的促进、干细胞增殖和内皮细胞迁移、免疫抑制环境的建立、前转移龛的形成和转移中起关键作用。外泌体还会引起耐药性。由于它们具有穿过生物屏障的能力,因此现在正在探索外泌体作为有效的靶向特异性药物传递系统,以促进不同生物分子和治疗药物的运输。然而,在批准外泌体作为治疗药物或药物传递系统之前,需要采取谨慎和强有力的调查方法。在这篇综述中,我们总结了外泌体在 CRC 不同阶段的作用,并详细阐述了外泌体在 CRC 诊断和治疗中的应用。

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