Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020 Mar;74(3):397-408. doi: 10.1038/s41430-019-0462-5. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
Community food environment is closely associated with residents' health status, and it has received substantial research attention in recent years. However, such studies are sparse in China. This study aims to reveal the characteristics of food environment in China.
A ground-truthing field census of food outlets was conducted in Xi Hu district, Hangzhou. A novel categorizing system was developed to better characterize food outlets in the study area. Geocoding and food environment analysis were performed by Arc-GIS software.
A total of 9274 food outlets were identified, of these, 6161 (66.43%) were food service places and 3113 (33.57%) were food stores. Fast-food restaurants (2692) and convenience stores (1764) were the two most numerous outlet types. The density of food outlets was 29.72/km and 113.97/10,000 people. Availability of BMI-unhealthy food outlets was four times greater than that of BMI-healthy ones. Further, 41.86% of total food outlets provided food-delivery services; among them, fast-food restaurants were the highest (65.53%) providers. In the urban area, the average density of food outlets was 104/km. While, it was only 29/km in the rural area.
Availability of food outlets was excellent in our study area, though it showed regional imbalance. Food environment tends to be obesogenic and high prevalence of food delivery service might increase this trend. Thus, policy makers should guarantee the smooth development of catering industry in China, so as to ensure a balanced nutrition environment.
社区食品环境与居民的健康状况密切相关，近年来受到了大量研究关注。然而，此类研究在中国较为匮乏。本研究旨在揭示中国食品环境的特点。
在杭州市西湖区进行了实地食品店普查。开发了一种新的分类系统，以更好地描述研究区域的食品店。通过 Arc-GIS 软件进行地理编码和食品环境分析。
共确定了 9274 家食品店，其中 6161 家（66.43%）为餐饮场所，3113 家（33.57%）为食品店。快餐店（2692 家）和便利店（1764 家）是数量最多的两种门店类型。食品店的密度为 29.72/km 和 113.97/10000 人。BMI 不健康食品店的供应比例是 BMI 健康食品店的四倍。此外，41.86%的食品店提供外卖服务；其中，快餐店的外卖服务最高（65.53%）。在城区，食品店的平均密度为 104/km，而在农村地区，这一数字仅为 29/km。
在我们的研究区域，食品店的供应非常充足，尽管存在地区不平衡。食品环境趋于致肥胖，外卖服务的高普及率可能会加剧这种趋势。因此，政策制定者应确保中国餐饮业的顺利发展，以确保营养均衡的环境。
