Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Morrin Road, Glen Innes, Auckland, New Zealand.
Int J Public Health. 2017 Nov;62(8):869-877. doi: 10.1007/s00038-017-0983-4. Epub 2017 May 22.
A nationwide spatial analysis of community retail food environments in relation to area socioeconomic deprivation was conducted in New Zealand.
Addresses from about 20,000 registered food outlets were retrieved from all 66 Councils. Outlets were classified, geocoded and (spatially) validated. The analysis included 4087 convenience, 4316 fast food/takeaway and 1271 supermarket and fruit/vegetable outlets and excluded outlets not considered 'healthy' or 'unhealthy'. The population-weighted density of different outlet types in Census areas and the proximity to different outlet types from Meshblock centres were calculated and associations with area socioeconomic deprivation assessed. Spatial scan statistics was used to identify food swamp areas with a significantly higher relative density of unhealthy outlets than other areas.
A significantly positive association was observed between area deprivation and density of all retailers. A significantly negative association was observed between area deprivation and proximity to all retailers. Nationwide, 722 Census areas were identified as food swamps.
Access to food retailers is significantly higher in more deprived areas than in less deprived areas. Restricting unhealthy outlets in areas with a high relative density of those outlets is recommended.
对新西兰全国社区零售食品环境与地区社会经济贫困程度的关系进行了空间分析。
从所有 66 个委员会中检索了约 20000 个注册食品店的地址。对商店进行分类、地理编码和（空间）验证。该分析包括 4087 家便利店、4316 家快餐/外卖店和 1271 家超市和水果/蔬菜店，并排除了不被认为是“健康”或“不健康”的商店。计算了不同类型的商店在普查区的人口加权密度，以及从 Meshblock 中心到不同类型商店的接近程度，并评估了与地区社会经济贫困的关联。空间扫描统计用于识别食品泛滥区，这些地区的不健康商店密度明显高于其他地区。
在所有零售商中，地区贫困程度与密度之间存在显著的正相关关系。地区贫困程度与所有零售商的接近程度之间存在显著的负相关关系。在全国范围内，确定了 722 个普查区为食品泛滥区。
与贫困程度较低的地区相比，贫困程度较高的地区获得食品零售商的机会更多。建议在那些不健康商店相对密度较高的地区限制这些商店的数量。
