Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Laboratory of Human Osteology, Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2019 Nov;170(3):404-417. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23902. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
Physiological disturbances in early life have been shown to increase individual mortality risk and impact health in adulthood. This study examines frailty through analysis of lesion status of two commonly collected skeletal indicators of stress (cribra orbitalia [CO] and porotic hyperostosis [PH]) and their association with mortality risk in the precontact U.S. Southwest. Several predictions are addressed: (a) individuals with active skeletal lesions are the frailest; (b) individuals with healed lesions are the least frail; (c) CO lesions, regardless of status, are associated with increased mortality risk.
Odds ratios and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis are used to examine the association between stress indicators and mortality in the U.S. Southwest. This study includes 335 individuals (75 females, 81 males, 20 adults of unknown sex, and 159 juveniles) from precontact New Mexico archaeological sites dating to A.D. 1,000-1,400.
Active CO and PH lesions are associated with lower survivorship and greater mortality risk than healed or absent lesions. Only juvenile individuals have active CO and PH lesions, as is expected given their physiology. CO lesions in any state are associated with greater mortality risk and earlier ages of death.
Individuals with active lesions are the frailest; while individuals with healed lesions are the least frail. CO and PH likely have different etiologies: CO lesions are associated with increased mortality risk and decreased individual longevity. These results indicate that CO's presence suggests a more severe underlying condition than PH lesions alone.
已有研究表明，生命早期的生理紊乱会增加个体的死亡率，并对成年后的健康产生影响。本研究通过分析两种常见的应激骨骼指标（眶骨板（CO）和多孔性骨质增生（PH））的病变状况，来探讨脆弱性，并将其与美国西南部史前人群的死亡率风险联系起来。本研究提出了以下几个预测：（a）具有活跃性骨骼病变的个体最脆弱；（b）具有愈合性病变的个体最不脆弱；（c）CO 病变无论其状态如何，均与更高的死亡率风险相关。
本研究使用比值比和 Kaplan-Meier 生存分析，来检验美国西南部应激指标与死亡率之间的关系。本研究包括了来自新墨西哥州史前考古遗址的 335 个人（75 名女性，81 名男性，20 名性别未知的成年人和 159 名青少年），这些个体的年代可追溯至公元 1000-1400 年。
活跃性 CO 和 PH 病变与较低的生存率和更高的死亡率风险相关，而愈合性或不存在的病变则与之相反。只有青少年个体存在活跃性 CO 和 PH 病变，这符合其生理学特征。任何状态的 CO 病变均与更高的死亡率风险和更早的死亡年龄相关。
具有活跃性病变的个体最脆弱；而具有愈合性病变的个体最不脆弱。CO 和 PH 病变可能具有不同的病因：CO 病变与更高的死亡率风险和个体寿命的缩短相关。这些结果表明，CO 的存在表明潜在的疾病状况比 PH 病变更严重。
