Volmer Daisy, Sepp Kristiina, Raal An, Atkinson Jeffrey
Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
Pharmacolor Consultants Nancy, 12 rue de Versigny, 54600 Villers, France.
Pharmacy (Basel). 2019 Jul 10;7(3):87. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy7030087.
The Pharmacy Education in Europe (PHARMINE) project studied pharmacy practice and education in the European Union (EU) member states. The work was carried out using an electronic survey forwarded to selected pharmacy representatives at community and hospital pharmacies, in the pharmacy industry and at drug authorities. The surveys of the individual member states are now being published as reference documents for students and staff interested in research on pharmacy education in the EU, and in mobility. This paper presents the results of the PHARMINE project on pharmacy practice and education in Estonia. In this paper, we examine the harmonisation of practice and education in Estonia with EU norms. Community pharmacies in Estonia provide traditional and extended services, of which influenza vaccination, the evaluation of the risk of diabetes, and medication use review have been introduced recently. Pharmacists (in Estonian ) study at the University of Tartu for five years and graduate with a Master of Pharmacy (MSc Pharm) degree. A pharmacist can be the owner of a pharmacy, or work as a pharmacy manager or chief pharmacist in either a community or a hospital pharmacy. Assistant pharmacists (in Estonian ) study at the Tallinn Health Care College for 3 years; after graduation, they are mainly employed in community pharmacies. The University of Tartu is the only university in Estonia providing higher education in pharmacy at university level. The pharmacy curriculum is an integrated (bachelor followed by master), pharmaceutical product-oriented study programme. It was last updated in 2019. On that occasion, several changes were made such as the introduction of competency-based modules; novel methods in education and training based on the constructive alignment and the restructuring of the six-month traineeship. Several new courses focus on the concepts of clinical pharmacy and on patient-centred communication. In the current pharmacy curriculum, there is a balance between chemical and medical subjects. The traineeship is provided for six months at a community and/or hospital pharmacy in the 5th year. Currently, the pharmacy curriculum at the University of Tartu does not offer specialization in subjects such as hospital or industrial pharmacy.
欧洲药学教育（PHARMINE）项目对欧盟成员国的药学实践与教育进行了研究。该项目通过向社区药房、医院药房、制药行业及药品监管部门选定的药学代表发送电子调查问卷来开展工作。各成员国的调查结果现作为参考文件发布，供对欧盟药学教育研究及人员流动感兴趣的学生和工作人员使用。本文介绍了PHARMINE项目在爱沙尼亚药学实践与教育方面的研究结果。在本文中，我们考察了爱沙尼亚药学实践与教育与欧盟规范的协调情况。爱沙尼亚的社区药房提供传统服务和拓展服务，其中流感疫苗接种、糖尿病风险评估及用药回顾等服务是最近才引入的。药剂师（爱沙尼亚语）在塔尔图大学学习五年，毕业时获得药学硕士学位。药剂师可以是药房所有者，也可以在社区药房或医院药房担任药房经理或主任药师。助理药剂师（爱沙尼亚语）在塔林卫生保健学院学习三年；毕业后，他们主要受雇于社区药房。塔尔图大学是爱沙尼亚唯一一所提供药学高等教育的大学。药学课程是一个综合性的（本科后接硕士）、以药品为导向的学习项目。该课程上次更新于2019年。当时进行了一些变革，比如引入基于能力的模块；基于建设性对齐的教育和培训新方法以及对为期六个月的实习进行重组。一些新课程聚焦于临床药学概念和以患者为中心的沟通。在当前的药学课程中，化学和医学科目保持平衡。实习在第五年于社区和/或医院药房进行六个月。目前，塔尔图大学的药学课程不提供医院药学或工业药学等学科的专业化课程。
