University of South Australia, School of Nursing and Midwifery, City East Campus, 108 North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
University of South Australia, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, St Bernards Rd, Magill SA 5072, Australia.
Women Birth. 2020 May;33(3):207-218. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2019.05.004. Epub 2019 Jul 9.
The World Health Organization, and the 2011 and 2016 Lancet Stillbirth series as well as medical and scientific literature, have all called for stillbirth stigma to be reduced. However, few studies have explored or attempted to conceptualise the meaning of stigma in the context of stillbirth.
To explore the current knowledge surrounding stillbirth stigma, specifically the extent, type and experiences of bereaved parents.
A five-stage scoping review framework was utilised. A search of relevant databases (MedLine, EMBASE, PsychInfo, PsychArticles, and Ovid Emcare) was undertaken with several key words related to 'stillbirth' and 'stigma.' The reference lists of included studies were also searched.
A total of 23 resources met the inclusion criteria for this review. A thematic analysis regarding how stigma was conceptualised and/or experienced within results and/or discussion was employed on these studies. Five over-arching themes, with several sub-themes, were discovered: Type of stigma, identity, silence, bereaved mothers' experiences of stigma in low-income countries and transformation.
Stillbirth stigma remains an under-researched topic. Few articles conceptualised the experiences of the bereaved parent within a stigma framework. However, examples of bereaved parents enduring stigma were found within the literature. Common stigmatising experiences included, bereaved parents' identities being challenged; and feelings of shame, guilt, and blame after their stillbirth. Stigmatising experiences could be different based on the bereaved parent's cultural background.
Further research which attempts to conceptualise stillbirth stigma and explores those experiences from a bereaved parent perspective is needed to help inform stigma reduction strategies.
世界卫生组织、2011 年和 2016 年柳叶刀胎儿死亡系列以及医学和科学文献都呼吁减少胎儿死亡耻辱。然而，很少有研究探讨或试图概念化胎儿死亡耻辱在胎儿死亡背景下的含义。
探讨目前围绕胎儿死亡耻辱的知识，特别是丧亲父母的耻辱程度、类型和经历。
利用五阶段范围综述框架。对相关数据库（MedLine、EMBASE、PsychInfo、PsychArticles 和 Ovid Emcare）进行了搜索，使用了几个与“胎儿死亡”和“耻辱”相关的关键词。还搜索了纳入研究的参考文献列表。
共有 23 项资源符合本综述的纳入标准。对这些研究的结果和/或讨论中如何概念化和/或体验耻辱进行了主题分析。发现了五个总体主题，其中包含几个子主题：耻辱的类型、身份、沉默、低收入国家丧亲母亲的耻辱经历和转变。
胎儿死亡耻辱仍然是一个研究不足的话题。很少有文章在耻辱框架内概念化丧亲父母的经历。然而，文献中发现了丧亲父母遭受耻辱的例子。常见的耻辱经历包括丧亲父母的身份受到挑战；以及胎儿死亡后感到羞耻、内疚和自责。耻辱经历可能因丧亲父母的文化背景而异。
需要进一步研究，尝试概念化胎儿死亡耻辱，并从丧亲父母的角度探讨这些经历，以帮助制定减少耻辱的策略。
