德拉敦市住宅和商业场所街头小贩接触大气颗粒物及相关可吸入沉积剂量的情况。
Exposure to Atmospheric Particulates and Associated Respirable Deposition Dose to Street Vendors at the Residential and Commercial Sites in Dehradun City.
作者信息
Prabhu Vignesh, Gupta Sunil K, Madhwal Sandeep, Shridhar Vijay
机构信息
Department of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Environmental Pollution Assessment Laboratory, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, India.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.
出版信息
Saf Health Work. 2019 Jun;10(2):237-244. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.01.005. Epub 2019 Jan 19.
BACKGROUND
Street vendors spend relatively more time near roadways and are vulnerable to air pollution related health disorders. However, there is limited information on the quality of the air they breathe. The objectives of this present study were to calculate the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in eight size fractions (PM, PM, PM, PM, PM, PM, PM, and PM) at commercial (CML) and residential site (RSL) in Dehradun city from November 2015 to May 2016. To estimate the corresponding respiratory deposition dose (RDDs) in alveolar (AL), tracheobronchial (TB), and head airway (HD) region on street vendors working at CML and RSL. To find the association of atmospheric PM with RDDs and the incidence of respiratory related disorders among street vendors.
METHODS
Andersen cascade impactor was employed for calculating the PM mass concentration. Questionnaire based health survey among street vendors were carried out through personal interview.
RESULTS
A significant difference (p < 0.05; t-test) between the mean PM mass concentration at CML and RSL was observed with (mean ± SD) 84.05 ± 14.5 and 77.23 ± 11.7 μg m, respectively. RDDs in AL, TB and HD region at CML was observed to be 9.9, 7.8, and 7.3% higher than at RSL, respectively. Health survey revealed 1.62, 0.96, 0.04, and 0.57 times higher incidence of cold, cough, breathlessness, and chest pain, respectively with street vendors at CML compared to RSL.
CONCLUSION
The site characteristics plays a major role in the respiratory health status of street vendors at Dehradun.
背景
街头小贩在道路附近花费的时间相对较多，易受与空气污染相关的健康问题影响。然而，关于他们所呼吸空气的质量信息有限。本研究的目的是计算2015年11月至2016年5月在德拉敦市商业区（CML）和居民区（RSL）八个粒径范围内（PM、PM、PM、PM、PM、PM、PM和PM）大气颗粒物（PM）的质量浓度。估计在CML和RSL工作的街头小贩肺泡（AL）、气管支气管（TB）和上呼吸道（HD）区域的相应呼吸沉积剂量（RDDs）。找出大气PM与RDDs以及街头小贩呼吸道相关疾病发病率之间的关联。
方法
使用安德森级联冲击器计算PM质量浓度。通过个人访谈对街头小贩进行基于问卷的健康调查。
结果
观察到CML和RSL的平均PM质量浓度之间存在显著差异（p < 0.05；t检验），分别为（均值±标准差）84.05±14.5和77.23±11.7μg/m。观察到CML的AL、TB和HD区域的RDDs分别比RSL高9.9%、7.8%和7.3%。健康调查显示，与RSL相比，CML的街头小贩感冒、咳嗽、呼吸急促和胸痛的发病率分别高1.62倍、0.96倍、0.04倍和0.57倍。
结论
场地特征在德拉敦街头小贩的呼吸健康状况中起主要作用。
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