Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Jul 30;116(31):15327-15332. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1904824116. Epub 2019 Jul 12.
The dispersal of anatomically modern human populations out of Africa and across much of the rest of the world around 55 to 50 thousand years before present (ka) is recorded genetically by the multiple hominin groups they met and interbred with along the way, including the Neandertals and Denisovans. The signatures of these introgression events remain preserved in the genomes of modern-day populations, and provide a powerful record of the sequence and timing of these early migrations, with Asia proving a particularly complex area. At least 3 different hominin groups appear to have been involved in Asia, of which only the Denisovans are currently known. Several interbreeding events are inferred to have taken place east of Wallace's Line, consistent with archaeological evidence of widespread and early hominin presence in the area. However, archaeological and fossil evidence indicates archaic hominins had not spread as far as the Sahul continent (New Guinea, Australia, and Tasmania), where recent genetic evidence remains enigmatic.
解剖学上的现代人类种群大约在 55 到 50 千年前从非洲扩散到世界其他大部分地区，这在遗传上可以通过他们沿途遇到和杂交的多个人类群体记录下来，包括尼安德特人和丹尼索万人。这些基因渗入事件的特征仍然保存在现代人群的基因组中，为这些早期迁徙的顺序和时间提供了有力的记录，亚洲被证明是一个特别复杂的地区。至少有 3 个不同的人类群体似乎参与了亚洲的迁徙，而目前仅已知丹尼索万人。据推断，在华莱士线以东发生了几次杂交事件，这与该地区广泛存在和早期人类存在的考古证据一致。然而，考古和化石证据表明，古人类并没有像萨胡尔大陆（新几内亚、澳大利亚和塔斯马尼亚）那样传播，而最近的遗传证据仍然是个谜。
