Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Department of Agri-Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Sep;103(18):7675-7685. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-09996-5. Epub 2019 Jul 12.
Microbial biofilms are undesired in food manufacturing, drinking water distribution systems, and clinical realms. Yeast biofilms are particularly problematic because of the strong capacity of yeast cells to adhere to abiotic surfaces, cells, and tissues. Novel approaches have been developed over recent years to prevent the establishment of microbial biofilms, such as through the use of small molecules with inhibiting and dispersing properties. Here, we studied the inhibitory activity of 11 different amino acids on the biofilm formation ability of three wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and the reference strain ∑1278b. Subsequent evaluation of different concentrations of the two most effective amino acids, namely, arginine and cysteine, revealed that they acted in different ways. Arginine prevented biofilm formation by reducing FLO11 gene expression; its addition did not affect cell viability and was even found to enhance cell metabolism (vitality marker) as determined by phenotype microarray (PM) analysis. On the contrary, the addition of cysteine reduced both cell viability and vitality as well as FLO11 expression. Thus, the use of cysteine and arginine as agents against biofilm formation can be diversified depending on the most desired action towards yeast growth.
微生物生物膜在食品制造、饮用水分配系统和临床领域都是不受欢迎的。酵母生物膜尤其成问题，因为酵母细胞具有很强的附着在非生物表面、细胞和组织上的能力。近年来，已经开发出了一些新的方法来防止微生物生物膜的形成，例如使用具有抑制和分散特性的小分子。在这里，我们研究了 11 种不同氨基酸对三种野生型酿酒酵母菌株和参考菌株∑1278b 的生物膜形成能力的抑制活性。随后评估了两种最有效氨基酸（精氨酸和半胱氨酸）的不同浓度，结果表明它们的作用方式不同。精氨酸通过降低 FLO11 基因的表达来阻止生物膜的形成；它的添加不影响细胞活力，甚至被发现通过表型微阵列（PM）分析增强了细胞代谢（活力标记）。相反，半胱氨酸的添加降低了细胞活力和活力以及 FLO11 的表达。因此，根据对酵母生长最理想的作用，可以将半胱氨酸和精氨酸用作抗生物膜形成的试剂。
