Jiang Yu, Geng Mengxin, Bai Liping
NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
Microorganisms. 2020 Aug 11;8(8):1222. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8081222.
Biofilms are aggregate of microorganisms in which cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and adhere to each other and/or to a surface. The development of biofilm affords pathogens significantly increased tolerances to antibiotics and antimicrobials. Up to 80% of human bacterial infections are biofilm-associated. Dispersal of biofilms can turn microbial cells into their more vulnerable planktonic phenotype and improve the therapeutic effect of antimicrobials. In this review, we focus on multiple therapeutic strategies that are currently being developed to target important structural and functional characteristics and drug resistance mechanisms of biofilms. We thoroughly discuss the current biofilm targeting strategies from four major aspects-targeting EPS, dispersal molecules, targeting quorum sensing, and targeting dormant cells. We explain each aspect with examples and discuss the main hurdles in the development of biofilm dispersal agents in order to provide a rationale for multi-targeted therapy strategies that target the complicated biofilms. Biofilm dispersal is a promising research direction to treat biofilm-associated infections in the future, and more in vivo experiments should be performed to ensure the efficacy of these therapeutic agents before being used in clinic.
生物膜是微生物的聚集体，其中细胞常常包埋于自身产生的细胞外聚合物（EPS）基质中，并相互粘附和/或粘附于某一表面。生物膜的形成使病原体对抗生素和抗菌剂的耐受性显著增强。高达80%的人类细菌感染与生物膜有关。生物膜的分散可使微生物细胞转变为更易受影响的浮游表型，并提高抗菌剂的治疗效果。在本综述中，我们重点关注目前正在开发的多种治疗策略，这些策略针对生物膜的重要结构和功能特征以及耐药机制。我们从四个主要方面——靶向EPS、分散分子、靶向群体感应和靶向休眠细胞，深入讨论了当前的生物膜靶向策略。我们通过实例解释了每个方面，并讨论了生物膜分散剂开发中的主要障碍，以便为针对复杂生物膜的多靶点治疗策略提供理论依据。生物膜分散是未来治疗生物膜相关感染的一个有前景的研究方向，在用于临床之前，应进行更多的体内实验以确保这些治疗剂的疗效。
