SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Int Urol Nephrol. 2019 Oct;51(10):1677-1697. doi: 10.1007/s11255-019-02225-y. Epub 2019 Jul 12.
The term microbiome is used to signify the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that share our body space, in which there were increasing evidences to suggest that they might have potential roles in various medical conditions. While the study of microbiome in the urinary system is not as robust as the systems included in the Human Microbiome Project, there are still evidences in the literature showing that microbiome may have a role in urological diseases. Therefore, we would like to perform a systematic review on the topic and summarize the available evidence on the impact of microbiome on urological diseases.
This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. After screening 589 abstracts and including additional studies (such as references from review papers), 76 studies were included for review and discussion.
Studies had suggested that there were correlations of microbiome of different body cavities (e.g., fecal, urinary and seminal fluid) with urological diseases. Also, different diseases would have different microbiome profile in different body cavities. Unfortunately, the studies on the association of microbiome and urological diseases were still either weak or inconsistent.
Studies suggested that there might be some relationship between microbiome and various urological diseases. However, further large-scale studies with control of confounding factors should be performed under a standardized methodology in order to have better understanding of the relationship. Also, more standardized reporting protocol for microbiome studies should be considered for better communications in future studies.
微生物组一词用于表示与我们共享身体空间的共生、共生和病原微生物的生态群落，越来越多的证据表明它们可能在各种医疗条件中发挥作用。虽然泌尿系统的微生物组研究不如人类微生物组计划中包含的系统那样强大，但文献中仍有证据表明微生物组可能在泌尿科疾病中发挥作用。因此，我们希望对该主题进行系统评价，并总结微生物组对泌尿科疾病影响的现有证据。
本综述根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）声明进行。在筛选了 589 篇摘要并纳入了额外的研究（例如综述论文的参考文献）后，有 76 项研究被纳入综述和讨论。
研究表明，不同体腔（例如粪便、尿液和精液）的微生物组与泌尿科疾病之间存在相关性。此外，不同的疾病在不同的体腔中会有不同的微生物组特征。不幸的是，关于微生物组与泌尿科疾病之间的关联的研究仍然薄弱或不一致。
研究表明微生物组与各种泌尿科疾病之间可能存在一定的关系。然而，为了更好地了解这种关系，应该在标准化方法的基础上进行更多的大规模研究，并控制混杂因素。此外，应考虑为微生物组研究制定更标准化的报告方案，以便在未来的研究中进行更好的交流。
