Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Oct;253:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.094. Epub 2019 Jun 26.
Organic pollutants in the Arctic seas have been of concern to many researchers; however, the vast dynamic marine water poses challenges to their comprehensive monitoring within appropriate spatial and temporal scales in the Arctic. In this study, on-board passive sampling of organic pollutants using a self-developed device coupled with triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membranes (TECAMs) was performed during an Arctic cruise. The TECAM extracts were used for target analysis of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs), and non-target screening of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) contaminants using two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). Sixteen chemicals were screened out as PBT contaminants from the 1500 features in the non-target analysis and further identified. Consequently, two chlorinated PFRs (tris(chloroisopropyl)phosphate and tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate) and four PBT contaminants (4-tert-butylphenol, 2-isopropylnaphthalene, 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindane, and 1-phenylnonan-1-one) were accurately quantified, with the temporally and spatially integrated concentrations ranging from 0.83 ng L to 20.82 ng L in the seawaters. Sources and transport of the contaminants were studied, and ocean current transport (West Spitsbergen Current, WSC) and local sources (human settlement, Arctic oil exploitation, and petroleum fuel emissions) were found to contribute to the presence of the different contaminants. Finally, annual transport fluxes of the contaminants from the North Atlantic to the Arctic Ocean by WSC were estimated, and the results indicate that their hazard to the Arctic should be concerned.
北极海域的有机污染物一直是许多研究人员关注的问题；然而，广阔的动态海洋给他们在北极适当的时空尺度内进行全面监测带来了挑战。在本研究中，在北极航次中使用自行开发的装置和三油酸甘油酯嵌入醋酸纤维素膜（TECAMs）进行了船上被动采样以采集有机污染物。TECAM 提取物用于有机磷阻燃剂（PFRs）的目标分析，以及使用二维气相色谱飞行时间质谱联用仪（GC×GC-TOFMS）对持久性、生物累积性和毒性（PBT）污染物进行非目标筛选。在非目标分析中，从 1500 个特征中筛选出 16 种 PBT 污染物，并进一步进行了鉴定。结果，从非目标分析中筛选出两种氯化 PFRs（磷酸三氯异丙酯和磷酸三（1,3-二氯异丙基）酯）和四种 PBT 污染物（4-叔丁基苯酚、2-异丙基萘、1,1,3-三甲基-3-苯基茚和 1-苯基壬-1-酮），其在海水中的时空综合浓度范围为 0.83ng/L 至 20.82ng/L。研究了污染物的来源和传输，发现洋流传输（西斯匹次卑尔根洋流，WSC）和当地来源（人类住区、北极石油开采和石油燃料排放）导致了不同污染物的存在。最后，根据 WSC 估算了污染物从北大西洋向北冰洋的年输送通量，结果表明，这些污染物对北极的危害应该引起关注。
