Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Sep;264:114792. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114792. Epub 2020 May 13.
Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) are contaminants of emerging concern which have been detected globally. However, little information on PFRs in the Arctic freshwater environment is currently available. In this study, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic PFRs in the water and sediment of four areas (town, surroundings, coastal marine water, and glacier melt runoff) near Ny-Ålesund Svalbard were investigated by time-integrated passive sampling (water) and grab sampling (sediment). Seven kinds of PFRs were found in the Arctic waters with individual freely dissolved concentrations from 0.007 ng L to 355 ng L, and the concentrations of chlorinated PFRs were 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than those of non-chlorinated PFRs. The distribution of different PFRs in freshwater showed significant spatial differences among the different areas, and the town was found to have most kinds of PFRs and highest PFRs concentrations. The sources and transport of different kinds of PFRs were explored based on a spatial overlay analysis of the contaminant distributions, environmental conditions, and PFR applications. As a result, human settlements, industrial activities, atmospheric deposition, and transportation in Ny-Ålesund were proposed to be related to the pollution of different PFRs at Ny-Ålesund. The PFRs in the inshore marine water were found to be affected by both local ship contamination and ocean current transport. Furthermore, nine PFRs were detected in the sediments of Ny-Ålesund. Accumulation of different PFRs in the Arctic sediment was found to be dominated by their physico-chemical properties (polarity).
有机磷阻燃剂（PFRs）是一种新兴的关注污染物，已在全球范围内检测到。然而，目前有关北极淡水环境中 PFRs 的信息很少。在这项研究中，通过时间积分被动采样（水）和抓取采样（沉积物），对斯瓦尔巴群岛新奥勒松附近四个地区（城镇、周边地区、沿海海水和冰川融水径流）的水和沉积物中的亲水性和疏水性 PFRs 进行了调查。在北极水域中发现了七种 PFRs，其游离溶解浓度为 0.007ng/L 至 355ng/L，氯化 PFRs 的浓度比非氯化 PFRs 高 3-4 个数量级。不同 PFRs 在淡水中的分布在不同地区之间存在显著的空间差异，城镇被发现具有最多种类的 PFRs 和最高的 PFRs 浓度。基于污染物分布、环境条件和 PFR 应用的空间叠加分析，探讨了不同种类 PFRs 的来源和迁移。结果表明，人类住区、工业活动、大气沉降和新奥勒松的运输与不同 PFRs 在新奥勒松的污染有关。近岸海水中的 PFRs 被发现受到当地船舶污染和洋流运输的影响。此外，在新奥勒松的沉积物中检测到了九种 PFRs。北极沉积物中不同 PFRs 的积累被发现主要受其物理化学性质（极性）的影响。
