Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
Obes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Jul-Aug;13(4):408-415. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
This study compared the effects of daily calorie restriction (DR) versus intermittent fasting (IF) on markers of inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in a controlled feeding trial in women with overweight or obesity.
Women (N = 76) were randomised to one of three diets and provided with all foods at 100% (IF100) or 70% (IF70 and DR70) of calculated energy requirements for 8 weeks. IF groups ate breakfast prior to fasting for 24-h on 3 non-consecutive days/week. Weight, body composition, serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), M1- and M2-macrophage markers by qPCR and immunohistochemistry in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were measured following a 12-h overnight fast (fed day, all groups) and a 24-h fast (IF groups only).
IF70 resulted in greater weight and fat losses and reductions in serum NEFA versus DR70 and IF100 (P < 0.05) after fed days. Markers of inflammation in serum (TNFα, IL6 and IL10), subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (CD68, CD40 and CD163) were unchanged by DR or IF after fed days. After fasting, NEFA, M1-macrophages (CD40) in adipose tissue, and M2-macrophages (CD163) in muscle were increased in IF70 and IF100 (all P < 0.05) and the changes in NEFA and mRNA of pan-macrophage marker CD68 in adipose tissue were positively correlated (r = 0.56, P = 0.002).
Unlike caloric restriction, IF transiently elevated markers of macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, possibly in response to marked increases in adipose tissue lipolysis.
本研究通过一项对照喂养试验，比较了限制热量摄入（DR）与间歇性禁食（IF）对超重或肥胖女性脂肪组织和骨骼肌中炎症标志物和细胞外基质沉积的影响。
将 76 名女性随机分为三组饮食，分别按计算出的能量需求的 100%（IF100）或 70%（IF70 和 DR70）提供所有食物，持续 8 周。IF 组在每周 3 天的非连续禁食日中，在禁食前先吃早餐，持续 24 小时。所有组在禁食过夜 12 小时后（进食日）和 IF 组仅禁食 24 小时后，测量体重、身体成分、血清非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNFα）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、脂肪组织和骨骼肌中的 M1-和 M2-巨噬细胞标志物 qPCR 和免疫组化。
与 DR70 和 IF100 相比，IF70 导致体重和体脂丢失更多，血清 NEFA 降低（P<0.05），仅在进食日观察到。进食日，DR 或 IF 对血清（TNFα、IL6 和 IL10）、皮下脂肪组织和骨骼肌（CD68、CD40 和 CD163）中的炎症标志物没有影响。禁食后，IF70 和 IF100 中脂肪组织中的 NEFA、M1-巨噬细胞（CD40）和肌肉中的 M2-巨噬细胞（CD163）增加（均 P<0.05），脂肪组织中 pan-巨噬细胞标志物 CD68 的 NEFA 和 mRNA 变化呈正相关（r=0.56，P=0.002）。
与热量限制不同，IF 短暂增加了脂肪组织和骨骼肌中巨噬细胞浸润的标志物，可能是对脂肪组织脂解作用的显著增加的反应。
