2017年伊朗北部一家综合医院急诊科收治患者的甲基苯丙胺使用情况研究。
Study of Methamphetamine Use in Patients Referred to Emergency Ward of a General Hospital at North of Iran in 2017.
作者信息
Hadinezhad Pezhman, Zarghami Mehran, Montazer Hosein, Moosazadeh Mahmood, Ghaderi Fattaneh
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
出版信息
Addict Health. 2019 Jan;11(1):18-25. doi: 10.22122/ahj.v11i1.222.
BACKGROUND
Acute use of methamphetamine affects the sympathetic system and causes symptoms like tachycardia, hypertension (HTN), tachypnea, peripheral blood vessels constriction, hyperthermia, and mydriasis that can lead to many medical complications. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of methamphetamine, clinical symptoms, and admission causes in patients referred to emergency ward of Imam Khomeini General Hospital in Sari, Iran.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 3263 patients were enrolled in the census. The population was patients referred to emergency ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, in 2017. Clinical signs and symptoms, test results, primary and definite diagnosis, and patients' status during discharge or referral were extracted from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.
FINDINGS
A total of 3263 people were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of positive methamphetamine test in patients referred to the emergency department was 1.2%, which was significantly higher in men (P = 0.017). The mean age was 39.9 ± 17.2 years. Methamphetamine users were more likely to be traumatized than the general population. There was a statistically significant difference in seizure (P = 0.003), chest pain (P < 0.001), tachycardia (P < 0.001), palpitation (P < 0.001), HTN (P = 0.002), tachypnea (P = 0.001), visual hallucinations (P = 0.001), auditory hallucinations (P = 0.001), paranoia (P = 0.001), grandiosity (P = 0.035), talkativeness (P = 0.001), suicidal ideation (P < 0.001), homicidal ideation (P = 0.001), violence (P < 0.001), and disorientation (P < 0.001) in positive methamphetamine test group.
CONCLUSION
Methamphetamine use is more frequent in young men in the second and third decades of life. The most common clinical symptoms in these patients were HTN, chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia, seizure, aggression, anxiety, delusions, and hallucinations.
背景
急性使用甲基苯丙胺会影响交感神经系统，并引发诸如心动过速、高血压、呼吸急促、外周血管收缩、体温过高和瞳孔散大等症状，这些症状可能导致许多医学并发症。因此，本研究旨在评估伊朗萨里伊玛目霍梅尼综合医院急诊科收治患者中甲基苯丙胺的使用情况、临床症状及入院原因。
方法
在这项横断面研究中，共有3263名患者纳入普查。研究对象为2017年转诊至萨里伊玛目霍梅尼医院急诊科的患者。从病历中提取临床体征和症状、检查结果、初步诊断和确诊诊断以及患者出院或转诊时的状况。使用SPSS软件进行统计分析。
结果
共有3263人参与本研究。转诊至急诊科的患者中甲基苯丙胺检测呈阳性的比例为1.2%，男性患者的这一比例显著更高（P = 0.017）。平均年龄为39.9 ± 17.2岁。甲基苯丙胺使用者比普通人群更容易受到创伤。甲基苯丙胺检测呈阳性组在癫痫发作（P = 0.003）、胸痛（P < 0.001）、心动过速（P < 0.001）、心悸（P < 0.001）、高血压（P = 0.002）、呼吸急促（P = 0.001）、视幻觉（P = 0.001）、听幻觉（P = 0.001）、偏执（P = 0.001）、夸大观念（P = 0.035）、多语（P = 0.001）、自杀观念（P < 0.001）、杀人观念（P = 0.001）、暴力行为（P < 0.001）和定向障碍（P < 0.001）方面存在统计学显著差异。
结论
甲基苯丙胺的使用在二三十岁的年轻男性中更为常见。这些患者最常见的临床症状为高血压、胸痛、心悸、心动过速、癫痫发作、攻击行为、焦虑、妄想和幻觉。
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