Institute of Nuclear Physics , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków PL-31341 , Poland.
M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics , Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11 , Kraków PL-30-348 , Poland.
Anal Chem. 2019 Aug 6;91(15):9885-9892. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01542. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
The multistep character of cancer progression makes it difficult to define a unique biomarker of the disease. Interdisciplinary approaches, combining various complementary techniques, especially those operating at a nanoscale level, potentially accelerate characterization of cancer cells or tissue properties. Here, we study a relation between the surface and biomechanical properties of melanoma cells, measured by mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In total, seven cell lines have been studied. Six of them were melanoma cells derived from various stages of tumor progression: (1) WM115 cells derived from a 55 year old female skin melanoma at a vertical growth phase (VGP) in the primary melanoma site, (2) WM793 cells established from the vertical growth phase (VGP) of a primary skin melanoma lesion, (3) WM266-4 cells established from a cutaneous skin metastasis detected in the same patient as WM115 cells, (4) WM239 cells derived from a cutaneous skin metastasis, (5) 1205Lu cells originated from a lung metastasis diagnosed in the same patient as WM793 cells, and (6) A375P-cells were derived from a solid malignant tumor located in the lung. As a reference cell line, human epidermal melanocytes from adult skin (primary cell line HEMa-LP) were used. Results reveal low, medium, and large deformability of melanoma cells originating from vertical growth phase (VGP), and skin and lung metastasis, respectively. These changes were accompanied by distinct outcome from principal component analysis (PCA). In relation to VGP melanoma cells, cells from skin and lung metastasis reveal similar or significantly different surface properties. The largest deformability difference observed for cells from VGP and lung metastasis was accompanied by the largest separation of unspecific changes in their surface properties. In this way, we show the evidence that biomechanical and surface biochemical properties of cells change in parallel, indicating a potential of being used as nanobiophysical fingerprints of melanoma progression.
癌症进展的多步骤特征使得难以定义该疾病的独特生物标志物。结合各种互补技术的跨学科方法，特别是那些在纳米级水平上运行的方法，有可能加速对癌细胞或组织特性的表征。在这里，我们研究了通过质谱（ToF-SIMS）和原子力显微镜（AFM）测量的黑色素瘤细胞的表面和生物力学特性之间的关系。总共研究了七种细胞系。其中六种是源自肿瘤进展的各个阶段的黑色素瘤细胞：（1）源自于在原发性黑色素瘤部位处于垂直生长阶段（VGP）的 55 岁女性皮肤黑色素瘤的 WM115 细胞，（2）源自原发性皮肤黑色素瘤病变的垂直生长阶段（VGP）的 WM793 细胞，（3）源自同一患者中与 WM115 细胞相同的皮肤转移的 WM266-4 细胞，（4）源自皮肤转移的 WM239 细胞，（5）源自同一患者中与 WM793 细胞相同的肺转移的 1205Lu 细胞，以及（6）源自位于肺部的实体恶性肿瘤的 A375P 细胞。作为参考细胞系，使用来自成人皮肤的人表皮黑色素细胞（原代细胞系 HEMa-LP）。结果表明，源自垂直生长阶段（VGP）、皮肤和肺转移的黑色素瘤细胞的低、中和高变形性。这些变化伴随着主成分分析（PCA）的明显结果。与 VGP 黑色素瘤细胞相比，来自皮肤和肺转移的细胞的表面性质相似或明显不同。在 VGP 和肺转移的细胞中观察到的最大变形性差异伴随着其表面性质的非特异性变化的最大分离。通过这种方式，我们证明了细胞的生物力学和表面生化特性平行变化的证据，表明其有潜力作为黑色素瘤进展的纳米生物物理指纹。
