AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, Mickiewicza 30 av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2019 Dec;236:124308. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.039. Epub 2019 Jul 6.
Analysis of the content of As, Cd and Tl accompanying Zn-Pb ores was performed using soil material sampled around the zinc-works in Miasteczko Śląskie. It was found that the total content of As, Cd and Tl was considerably higher than the values recorded at the same sites 20 years earlier. This clearly confirms considerable pollution of the environment which continues despite pro-ecological actions taken by the zinc-works. The analysis of the spatial distribution of pollution revealed that the zinc-works itself is no longer the main source of contamination as was the case in 1998. Instead, in 2018 the main sources of As, Cd and Tl emissions were the erosion and deflation processes in old, unprotected mining and industrial waste dumps located near the zinc-works. The most polluted soil layers are the top layers in the soil profile. The content of As, Cd and Tl determined in them was 10 times greater than in the deep layers. There was also a positive change in environmental conditions, which occurred over the preceding 20 years, namely an increase in the content of sparingly soluble fractions, fractions bound with organic matter, and residual fractions. It was also found that depending on the geochemical background and readily mobile fraction values used in the calculations, there is still very high contamination and very high ecological risk with respect to As, Cd and Tl after 20 years. However, when using the quantity of phytoavailable elements as well as the quantity of cations on ion exchange positions and bound to carbonates to calculate the risk assessment code, the analysis showed that environmental conditions improved.
对 Miasteczko Śląskie 锌厂周围土壤中伴随锌-铅矿石的 As、Cd 和 Tl 含量进行了分析。结果发现，As、Cd 和 Tl 的总含量明显高于 20 年前同一地点记录的值。这清楚地证实了尽管锌厂采取了生态友好措施，但环境仍受到严重污染。污染的空间分布分析表明，锌厂本身不再是污染的主要来源，而在 1998 年则是这样。相反，2018 年，As、Cd 和 Tl 排放的主要来源是锌厂附近旧的、未受保护的采矿和工业废物堆的侵蚀和扬尘过程。污染最严重的土壤层是土壤剖面的顶层。其中测定的 As、Cd 和 Tl 含量是深层的 10 倍。在过去的 20 年里，环境条件也发生了积极的变化，即难溶性分数、与有机物结合的分数和残余分数的含量增加。此外，还发现，考虑到计算中使用的地球化学背景和易移动分数值，在 20 年后，As、Cd 和 Tl 仍然存在很高的污染和很高的生态风险。然而，当使用植物有效元素的数量以及离子交换位置上的阳离子和与碳酸盐结合的阳离子的数量来计算风险评估代码时，分析表明环境条件有所改善。
