MoRe Research Örnsköldsvik AB, Box 70, SE-89122, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden.
Department of Aeronautics, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 16;9(1):10277. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46812-6.
In this research article, wood based microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was studied to gain a better understanding of the process of dependent network formation. Networking potential and obtained properties of the produced dimensional structures could be controlled using opted processing routes. The fabricated dimensional structure, using freeze-drying (FD) is a highly open and porous network (98% porosity) compared to slightly tight, dense and less porous network produced after pressing at 200kN (96% porosity), followed by vacuum-filtered (VF) networks (33% porosity). The porosity (17%) was further decreased when the casting (CS) method was used, further producing a highly dense and compressed network. High water flux (180.8 ± 11 L/mh) of pressed freeze-dried (PFD) followed by vacuum-filtered (VF) (11.4 ± 1.9 L/mh) and casting CS (0.7 ± 0.01 L/mh) were calculated using device. Furthermore, increased water flux (1.4 fold) of Experimental Paper Machine (XPM) based structures was reported in comparison with CS structures. Pore-sized distribution and surface area were measured using Hg porosimetry; they showed an average pore size of 16.5 μm for FD, followed by PFD (8.2 μm) structures. A 27-fold decrease in average pore-size was observed for CS structure in comparison with the FD structures. Highest tensile strength (87 ± 21 MPa) was recorded for CS structures, indicating a more highly compacted network formation compared to VF (82 ± 19 MPa) and PFD (1.6 ± 0.06 MPa). Furthermore, an attempt was made to upscale the VF structures using traditional paper making approach on XMP. Improved tensile strength (73 ± 11 MPa) in machine produced structures is due to alignment of fibers towards machine direction compared to cross directional (43 ± 9 MPa) fractured structures as shown in our Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Surface functionalization of MFC using enzyme (hexokinase) was performed to increase the adsorption efficiency towards ferric ions removal. All fabricated structures were further evaluated for Fe(iii) removal and it was summarized that charge densities of functional groups, produced ζ-potential and networking potential were dominating influential factors for adsorption fluctuation of ferric ions.
在本研究论文中，研究了基于木材的微纤化纤维素（MFC），以更好地了解依赖网络形成的过程。通过选择加工路线，可以控制所生产的三维结构的网络潜力和获得的性能。与在 200kN 下压制后产生的稍微紧密、致密和多孔性较小的网络（96%孔隙率）相比，使用冷冻干燥（FD）制造的三维结构是高度开放和多孔的网络（98%孔隙率），然后是真空过滤（VF）网络（33%孔隙率）。当使用铸造（CS）方法时，孔隙率（17%）进一步降低，进一步产生高度致密和压缩的网络。使用设备计算了压制冷冻干燥（PFD）后的高水通量（180.8±11 L/mh），其次是真空过滤（VF）（11.4±1.9 L/mh）和铸造 CS（0.7±0.01 L/mh）。此外，与 CS 结构相比，实验纸机（XPM）结构的水通量增加了 1.4 倍。使用汞孔隙率法测量孔径分布和表面积；它们显示 FD 的平均孔径为 16.5μm，其次是 PFD（8.2μm）结构。与 FD 结构相比，CS 结构的平均孔径减小了 27 倍。CS 结构的拉伸强度最高（87±21MPa），表明与 VF（82±19MPa）和 PFD（1.6±0.06MPa）相比，网络形成更为紧密。此外，还尝试使用传统的造纸方法在 XMP 上放大 VF 结构。与 SEM 分析中显示的交叉方向（43±9MPa）断裂结构相比，由于纤维沿机器方向对齐，因此在机器制造结构中提高了拉伸强度（73±11MPa）。使用酶（己糖激酶）对 MFC 进行表面功能化以提高对铁离子去除的吸附效率。所有制造的结构都进一步评估了 Fe(iii)的去除效果，结果表明，功能基团的电荷密度、产生的 ζ-电位和网络潜力是影响铁离子吸附波动的主要因素。
