Karim Zoheb, Afrin Sadaf, Husain Qayyum, Danish Rehan
a Division of Materials Science , Composite Centre Sweden, Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden.
b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , UP , India.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2017 May;37(3):355-370. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2016.1163322. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
Nanocellulose (NC) from cellulosic biomass has recently gained attention owing to their biodegradable nature, low density, high mechanical properties, economic value and renewability. They still suffer, however, some drawbacks. The challenges are the exploration of raw materials, scaling, recovery of chemicals utilized for the production or functionalization and most important is toxic behavior that hinders them from implementing in medical/pharmaceutical field. This review emphasizes the structural behavior of cellulosic biomass and biological barriers for enzyme interactions, which are pertinent to understand the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose for the production of NCs. Additionally, the enzymatic catalysis for the modification of solid and NC is discussed. The utility of various classes of enzymes for introducing desired functional groups on the surface of NC has been further examined. Thereafter, a green mechanistic approach is applied for understanding at molecular level.
来自纤维素生物质的纳米纤维素（NC）由于其可生物降解的特性、低密度、高机械性能、经济价值和可再生性，近年来受到了关注。然而，它们仍然存在一些缺点。挑战在于原材料的探索、规模化生产、用于生产或功能化的化学品的回收，最重要的是其毒性行为阻碍了它们在医学/制药领域的应用。本综述强调了纤维素生物质的结构行为以及酶相互作用的生物屏障，这对于理解纤维素酶解生产纳米纤维素至关重要。此外，还讨论了用于固体和纳米纤维素改性的酶催化作用。进一步研究了各类酶在纳米纤维素表面引入所需官能团的效用。此后，采用绿色机理方法在分子水平上进行理解。
