Sunderaraman Preeti, Maidan Inbal, Kozlovski Tal, Apa Zoltan, Mirelman Anat, Hausdorff Jeffrey M, Stern Yaakov
Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Center for the Study of Movement Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2019 Jul 2;11:166. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00166. eCollection 2019.
Cognition and mobility are interrelated. However, this association can be impacted by the specific facets of cognition and mobility that are measured, and further by the different task conditions, e.g., single- versus dual-task walking, under which these associations are evaluated. Systematically studying the multiple facets of cognitive-mobility associations under both the task conditions is critical because both cognition and mobility change with age and pose significant risks associated with falls, morbidity, and disability.
Using a cross-sectional, prospective study design, data from 124 healthy adults [mean age (SD) = 61.51 (11.90); mean education (SD) = 15.94 (2.18)] were collected. A comprehensive battery of cognitive tests was administered, and gait was assessed using a small, lightweight, three-axis accelerometer with a gyroscope.
Data were transformed, and only relatively strong relationships survived after strict statistical criteria adjusting for multiple comparisons were applied. Spearman rho correlation coefficients were used to examine the matrix of correlations between the cognitive-motor variables while adjusting for age and gender.
Executive functions, processing speed, and language were associated with distinct facets of variability, pace, and asymmetry, especially under the dual-task walking condition. Both turns and transitions were also associated with cognition during the Timed Up and Go Task.
Our results extend converging evidence of the involvement of executive functions and processing speed in specific aspects of mobility, along with the role of language. The study has important implications for aging in terms of both assessment and rehabilitation of cognition and gait as well as for the emerging dual-tasking theories and the role of the neural pathways involved in mobility.
认知与行动能力相互关联。然而，这种关联会受到所测量的认知和行动能力具体方面的影响，还会进一步受到不同任务条件的影响，例如单任务步行与双任务步行，在这些任务条件下评估这种关联。系统研究两种任务条件下认知 - 行动能力关联的多个方面至关重要，因为认知和行动能力都会随年龄变化，并且会带来与跌倒、发病和残疾相关的重大风险。
采用横断面、前瞻性研究设计，收集了124名健康成年人的数据[平均年龄（标准差）= 61.51（11.90）；平均受教育年限（标准差）= 15.94（2.18）]。进行了一系列全面的认知测试，并使用带有陀螺仪的小型、轻便三轴加速度计评估步态。
对数据进行了转换，在应用针对多重比较进行调整的严格统计标准后，只有相对较强的关系得以保留。使用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数来检验认知 - 运动变量之间的相关矩阵，同时对年龄和性别进行调整。
执行功能、处理速度和语言与变异性、步速和不对称性的不同方面相关，尤其是在双任务步行条件下。在定时起立行走任务中，转弯和过渡也与认知相关。
我们的结果扩展了关于执行功能和处理速度参与行动能力特定方面的一致证据，以及语言的作用。该研究对于认知和步态的评估与康复中的衰老问题，以及新兴的双任务理论和参与行动能力的神经通路的作用具有重要意义。
