Lancioni Giulio E, Olivetti Belardinelli Marta, Singh Nirbhay N, O'Reilly Mark F, Sigafoos Jeff, Alberti Gloria
Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Interuniversity Center for Research on Cognitive Processing in Natural and Artificial Systems (ECONA), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Front Neurol. 2019 Jul 2;10:643. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00643. eCollection 2019.
This paper presents an overview of recent technology-aided programs (i. e., technology-aided support tools) designed to help people with significant disabilities (a) engage in adaptive responses, functional activities, and leisure and communication, and thus (b) interact with their physical and social environment and improve their performance/achievement. In order to illustrate the support tools, the paper provides an overview of recent studies aimed at developing and assessing those tools. The paper also examines the tools' accessibility and usability, and comments on possible ways of modifying and advancing them to improve their impact. The tools taken into consideration concern, among others, (a) microswitches linked to computer systems, and aimed at promoting (i.e., through positive stimulation) minimal responses or functional body movements in individuals with intellectual disabilities and motor impairments; (b) computer systems, tablets, or smartphones aimed at supporting functional activity engagement of individuals with intellectual disabilities or Alzheimer's disease; and (c) microswitches with computer-aided systems, elaborate communication devices, and specifically arranged smartphones or tablets, directed at promoting leisure, communication, or both.
本文概述了近期旨在帮助重度残疾人士的技术辅助项目（即技术辅助支持工具）：（a）参与适应性反应、功能性活动以及休闲和交流活动，进而（b）与他们的自然和社会环境进行互动，并提高他们的表现/成就。为了说明这些支持工具，本文概述了近期旨在开发和评估这些工具的研究。本文还研究了这些工具的可及性和可用性，并对改进和推进这些工具以提高其影响力的可能方式进行了评论。所考虑的工具包括：（a）与计算机系统相连的微动开关，旨在促进（即通过正向刺激）智障和运动障碍人士的最小反应或功能性身体动作；（b）旨在支持智障人士或阿尔茨海默病患者进行功能性活动的计算机系统、平板电脑或智能手机；以及（c）配备计算机辅助系统、精密通信设备以及专门配置的智能手机或平板电脑的微动开关，旨在促进休闲、交流或两者兼顾。
