Iamoe Center, Via el Pindo, Coca, Ecuador.
Latigo Ranch, Kremmling, CO, USA.
Hum Nat. 2019 Sep;30(3):247-271. doi: 10.1007/s12110-019-09348-2.
In response to recent work on the nature of human aggression, and to shed light on the proximate, as opposed to ultimate, causes of tribal warfare, we present a record of events leading to a fatal Waorani raid on a family from another tribe, followed by a detailed first-person observation of the behavior of the raiders as they prepared themselves for war, and upon their return. We contrast this attack with other Waorani aggressions and speculate on evidence regarding their hormonal underpinnings. On-the-ground ethnographic observations are examined in light of the neuroendocrinological literature. The evidence suggests a chain of causality in launching lethal violence, beginning with a perceived injury, culminating in a massacre, and terminating in rejoicing. Although no blood or saliva samples were taken at the time of this raid, the behaviors were consistent with a deliberate initiation of the hormonal cascade characterizing the "fight-or-flight" response, along with other hormonal changes. We conclude with observations on the stratified interrelationships of the cognitive, social, emotional, and neuroendocrinological causes of aggression leading to coalitional male homicide.
针对最近有关人类攻击性本质的研究,并为了阐明部落战争的近因(相对于终极原因),我们呈现了一系列事件的记录,这些事件导致了瓦奥里尼人对另一个部落的一个家庭的致命袭击,随后详细描述了袭击者在为战争做准备以及返回时的行为。我们将这次袭击与其他瓦奥里尼人的攻击行为进行了对比,并对他们的激素基础进行了推测。实地民族志观察结果根据神经内分泌学文献进行了检验。证据表明,发动致命暴力行为存在一个因果链,从感知到的伤害开始,以大屠杀结束,并以欢庆结束。尽管在这次袭击发生时没有采集血液或唾液样本,但这些行为与启动荷尔蒙级联反应的行为一致,该反应特征为“战斗或逃跑”反应,以及其他荷尔蒙变化。我们以关于导致联合男性杀人的认知、社会、情感和神经内分泌学原因的分层相互关系的观察结束。